Aide médicale urgente

Résumé

thumb|L'étoile de vie, symbole des ambulances et des urgences aux États-Unis notamment. Le Bâton d'Asclépios peut-être absent du symbole utilisé dans d'autres pays. L'aide médicale urgente, désignée aussi par l'acronyme AMU, est le dispositif mis en place par un État pour apporter une aide médicale aux personnes victimes d'un accident ou d'une affection brutale et inattendue. Elle comporte en général un système d'alerte, par lequel la victime ou les témoins peuvent demander cette aide médicale urgente, et des services mobiles d'intervention. Le principe de base de l'aide médicale urgente est la « chaîne des soins médicaux urgents » : après que l'alerte ou la demande d'aide médicale urgente (DAMU) a été prise en compte, le premier secours aux victimes repose sur la collaboration entre différents intervenants, depuis le témoin, en passant par les secouristes et ambulanciers qui sont dépêchés sur place pour assurer les premiers soins. Ce dispositif constitue donc la phase pré-hospitaliè

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide_m%C3%A9dicale_urgente

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Haisong Wang

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Privacy in the Genomic Era

Erman Ayday, Jacques Fellay, Jean-Pierre Hubaux

Genome sequencing technology has advanced at a rapid pace and it is now possible to generate highlydetailed genotypes inexpensively. The collection and analysis of such data has the potential to support various applications, including personalized medical services. While the benefits of the genomics revolution are trumpeted by the biomedical community, the increased availability of such data has major implications for personal privacy; notably because the genome has certain essential features, which include (but are not limited to) (i) an association with traits and certain diseases, (ii) identification capability (e.g., forensics), and (iii) revelation of family relationships. Moreover, direct-to-consumer DNA testing increases the likelihood that genome data will be made available in less regulated environments, such as the Internet and for-profit companies. The problem of genome data privacy thus resides at the crossroads of computer science,medicine, and public policy. While the computer scientists have addressed data privacy for various data types, there has been less attention dedicated to genomic data. Thus, the goal of this paper is to provide a systematization of knowledge for the computer science community. In doing so, we address some of the (sometimes erroneous) beliefs of this field and we report on a survey we conducted about genome data privacy with biomedical specialists. Then, after characterizing the genome privacy problem, we review the state-of-the-art regarding privacy attacks on genomic data and strategies for mitigating such attacks, as well as contextualizing these attacks from the perspective of medicine and public policy. This paper concludes with an enumeration of the challenges for genome data privacy and presents a framework to systematize the analysis of threats and the design of countermeasures as the field moves forward.

Assoc Computing Machinery2015

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Automaton-based stochastic control for navigation of emergency rescuers in buildings

In this paper we consider the problem of navigating emergency rescuers in buildings. The objective of the rescuer is to reach several critical regions in a building endangered by a spreading hazard and leave safely. We consider stochastic finite state models to capture the dynamics of the rescuer and the hazardous environment. We encode the objective of the rescuer as an automaton specification satisfaction problem. We synthesise a navigation policy for the rescuer that maximises the predicted probability of safely fulfilling the rescue mission. We finally test the proposed method in a simulation environment.

IEEE2016

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