Matawai people

The Matawai (also Matuariërs) are a tribe of Surinamese Maroons. The Matawai were originally part of the Saramaka, and signed a peace agreement with the Dutch colonists in 1762. The tribe split from the Saramaka, and in 1769, they were recognized as a separate tribe. The origin of the Matawai people is unclear, but oral accounts often mention the plantations Hamburg and Uitkijk. The plantations at the Jodensavanne are a possible source as well. During the 18th century, slaves escaped from the plantations and settled in the interior. According to oral accounts, a group of escaped slaves settled near the Tafelberg in the 1730s. In 1762, a full century before the general emancipation of slaves in Suriname, a group known as the Saramaka signed a peace treaty with the Dutch colonists to acknowledge their territorial rights and trading privileges. After the death of captain Abini, the relationships within the tribe became tense which ultimately resulted in captains Beku and Musinga separating from the Saramaka, and forming the Matawai. In 1769, the Matawai signed a separate peace treaty with the Dutch colonists. According to oral tradition, the Matawai first settled in Toido. Kwakoegron and villages to the north of Kwakoegron were the main settlements in the 19th century. During the 19th century, villages were established along the Saramacca River where a mixed population of Matawai and other Maroons live. In 1974, the aforementioned area was added to the authority of the granman (paramount chief) and is nowadays known as the Boven Saramacca resort. Poesoegroenoe is home to the granman of the Matawai, and was originally designated as the main village, however Nieuw Jacobkondre has become more important due to its connection to the Southern East-West Link, and nearby airstrip. There were 19 villages controlled by the Matawai, however the Surinamese Interior War caused the abandonment of six villages. In the 1960s the population in the villages started to move to the urban area. In the 1970s, almost half the population had left the area.