Stimulus controlIn behavioral psychology (or applied behavior analysis), stimulus control is a phenomenon in operant conditioning (also called contingency management) that occurs when an organism behaves in one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another way in its absence. A stimulus that modifies behavior in this manner is either a discriminative stimulus (Sd) or stimulus delta (S-delta). Stimulus-based control of behavior occurs when the presence or absence of an Sd or S-delta controls the performance of a particular behavior.
Functional analytic psychotherapyFunctional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) is a psychotherapeutic approach based on clinical behavior analysis (CBA) that focuses on the therapeutic relationship as a means to maximize client change. Specifically, FAP suggests that in-session contingent responding to client target behaviors leads to significant therapeutic improvements. FAP was first conceptualized in the 1980s by psychologists Robert Kohlenberg and Mavis Tsai who, after noticing a clinically significant association between client outcomes and the quality of the therapeutic relationship, set out to develop a theoretical and psychodynamic model of behavioral psychotherapy based on these concepts.
Behavioral activationBehavioral activation (BA) is a third generation behavior therapy for treating depression. Behavioral activation primarily emphasizes engaging in positive and enjoyable activities to enhance one's mood. It is one form of functional analytic psychotherapy, which is based on a Skinnerian psychological model of behavior change, generally referred to as applied behavior analysis. This area is also a part of what is called clinical behavior analysis (CBA) and makes up one of the most effective practices in the professional practice of behavior analysis.
StimulusUn stimulus dans le domaine de la psychologie expérimentale, de la physiologie et de la biologie, est un événement de nature à déterminer une excitation détectable par une réaction chez un organisme vivant. La psychophysique explore la relation entre les grandeurs physiques mesurables et les perceptions humaines, à travers la réaction de sujets obéissant à une consigne dans des conditions contrôlées. Les expériences répétées un nombre suffisant de fois et avec un nombre suffisant de sujets dégagent des règles de perception valables statistiquement pour l'ensemble de la population.
Révolution cognitivisteLa révolution cognitiviste ou révolution cognitive, d'après une expression d'Howard Gardner (1993), désigne le mouvement scientifique qui, né à la fin des , a donné naissance aux sciences cognitives. La Révolution Cognitive fait aussi référence, biologiquement, au saut évolutif du cerveau des premiers humains modernes il y a environ , qui a permis à l’Homo Sapiens, qui n’était alors qu’une espèce sans importance, d’évoluer avec des capacités cognitives et de communiquer à un niveau inédit du langage dans le règne animal.
Relational frame theoryRelational frame theory (RFT) is a psychological theory of human language, cognition, and behaviour. It was developed originally by Steven C. Hayes of University of Nevada, Reno and has been extended in research, notably by Dermot Barnes-Holmes and colleagues of Ghent University. Relational frame theory argues that the building block of human language and higher cognition is relating, i.e. the human ability to create bidirectional links between things.
Médecine comportementaleLa médecine comportementale est une application aux modèles médicaux des acquis provenant des théories et pratiques du béhaviorisme. Son approche des causes des pathologies se fonde sur « les facteurs biologiques, les facteurs psychologiques individuels et les facteurs sociaux ». Les applications de la médecine comportementales concernent : les addictions (alcoolisme, tabagisme, toxicomanies) ; les douleurs chroniques ; les troubles des conduites alimentaires (anorexie, boulimie) ; le cancer ; l'hypocondrie ; les somatisations ; l'incontinence.
Extinction (psychologie)L'extinction d'un conditionnement en désigne la fin. Il est important de bien acquérir la notion de conditionnement pour comprendre celle d'extinction ; cela implique de différencier conditionnement classique, conditionnement opérant, conditionnement cognitif. L'extinction est souvent un objectif des thérapies cognitivo-comportementales. Dans le modèle ultra-classique des phobies spécifiques, la phobie relève d'un conditionnement rapprochant un stimulus effrayant d'un stimulus neutre.
Association for Behavioral and Cognitive TherapiesThe Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT) was founded in 1966. Its headquarters are in New York City and its membership includes researchers, psychologists, psychiatrists, physicians, social workers, marriage and family therapists, nurses, and other mental-health practitioners and students. These members support, use, and/or disseminate behavioral and cognitive approaches. Notable past presidents of the association include Joseph Wolpe, Steven C. Hayes, Michelle Craske, Jonathan Abramowitz, Marsha M.
Flooding (psychology)Flooding, sometimes referred to as in vivo exposure therapy, is a form of behavior therapy and desensitization—or exposure therapy—based on the principles of respondent conditioning. As a psychotherapeutic technique, it is used to treat phobia and anxiety disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder. It works by exposing the patient to their painful memories, with the goal of reintegrating their repressed emotions with their current awareness. Flooding was invented by psychologist Thomas Stampfl in 1967.
