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Concept
Pasokification
Résumé
Pasokification is the decline of centre-left social-democratic political parties in European and other Western countries during the 2010s, often accompanied by the rise of nationalist, left-wing and right-wing populist alternatives. In Europe, the share of votes for such parties was at its 70-year lowest in 2015.
The term originates from the Greek party PASOK, which saw a declining share of the vote in national elections — from 43.92% in 2009 to 13.18% in May 2012, to 12.28% in June 2012 and 4.68% in 2015 — due to its poor handling of the Greek government-debt crisis and implementation of harsh austerity measures. Simultaneously, the left-wing anti-austerity Syriza party saw a growth in vote share and influence. Since PASOK's decline, the term has been applied to similar declines for other social-democratic and Third Way parties.
In 2020s, SPD winning the 2021 German federal election, Labour Party and PASOK-KINAL performing well in the polls for the upcoming United Kingdom and Greek elections respectively led to discussions about the possibility of "De-Pasokification", "reverse pasokification", "kinalification."
The Social Democratic Party of Austria lost 5.7 percentage points in the 2019 Austrian legislative election, resulting in a share of 21.2%, the party's worst election result since World War II. In the same election, the Austrian People's Party gained 6 percentage points, with a share of 37.5%, its best since 2002.
The Bulgarian Socialist Party lost 12.2 percentage points and fell from 80 to 43 seats in the April 2021 Bulgarian parliamentary election. In the July 2021 Bulgarian parliamentary election the party lost another 1.6 percentage points, returning to parliament with just 36 seats. In the November 2021 Bulgarian general election, the BSP lost a further 3.27 percentage points and returned to parliament with 26 seats, their worst result since democratic reforms; however, the party joined the new coalition government.
The Social Democratic Party of Croatia had in the 2019 European Parliament election (18.
Source officielle
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