Dessin technique

Résumé

400px|thumb|right|Table à dessin. Le dessin technique est un langage graphique figuratif pour la représentation graphique, la communication technique, la conception et l'analyse systémique de produits mécaniques, électroniques ou mécatroniques. Il est utilisé principalement en génie mécanique, mécanique industrielle, génie électrique, (bureau d'études, bureau des méthodes), en génie civil (architecture) ainsi qu'en électronique pour la représentation des différentes composantes et de leur structure. Il s'agit d'un ensemble de conventions normalisées pour représenter des objets (produits) et constructions (structures, édifices) ; ces conventions assurent que le produit ou la construction représentée est tel qu'imaginé par le concepteur. Les différents types de dessin technique Différents types de dessins techniques existent :

le dessin préliminaire : ** le croquis, généralement à main levée, ** l'esquisse ou ébauche, ** l'épure, ** le schéma : principe de fonctionne

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dessin_technique

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This thesis assesses the surveillance operated on the mobile phone network by governmental actors (intelligence agencies, police, army) and the relationship between monitored spaces and their users. Indeed, some new surveillance devices used by intelligence services redefine surveillance spatiality raising new questions in this field of research. More specifically this research focuses on one specific object: the IMSI catcher, a monitoring apparatus of the cellular network that intercepts cellphones' identity and some communications in a given area by mimicking the activity of a cell tower. While this kind of device seems to offer a tactical and a security interest in the fight against terrorism and against crime, many civil liberties organisations such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Privacy International and _La Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertÃ©s are concerned about the potential of an uncontrolled surveillance ; indeed, the controversial nature of the device could endanger certain individual and public rights. What is this technical object and which new issues comes with its use in surveillance? How and from which perspective is it problematic What does the IMSI catcher teaches us on the potential future of surveillance regimes? I look into this specific device case in a research framework at the intersection of design research practices, science and technology studies (STS) and surveillance studies. First, I deal with this surveillance apparatus as a technical object, from a perspective fed by the theoretical framework of concretization and technical lines proposed by Gilbert Simondon and Yves Deforge, through the analysis of a visual and technical documentation. Second, I use a research by design approach to explore certain assumptions regarding the nature of the object itself, its functioning and its "concrete" aspect â or rather "non-concrete" in the present case â with the help of approaches borrowed to reverse engineering and reconstitution, close to media archeology. Then, I explore possible opposition and protest trajectories with the help of prototypes designed with critical design and speculative design methods. Finally, through the writing of prospective scenarios, I build a design fiction that offers a synthesis, potentially subject to debate, around the IMSI catcher's uses, present and to come, and more broadly on the potential future of surveillance regimes.

EPFL2022

Chargement

Representing Techniques: The Evolution of Technical Drawings in England (1750-1850)

Yohann Michel Franck Guffroy

2020

Chargement

Computational Analysis and Design of Structurally Stable Assemblies with Rigid Parts

Ziqi Wang

An assembly refers to a collection of parts joined together to achieve a specific form and/or functionality. Assemblies make it possible to fabricate large and complex objects with several small and simple parts. Such parts can be assembled and disassembled repeatedly, benefiting the transportation and maintenance of the assembly. Due to these advantages, assemblies are ubiquitous in our daily lives, including most furniture, household appliances, and architecture. The recent advancement in digital fabrication lowers the hurdles for fabricating objects with complex shapes. However, designing physically plausible assemblies is still a non-trivial task as a slight local modification on a part's geometry could have a global impact on the structural and/or functional performance of the whole assembly. New computational tools are developed to enable general users involved in the design process exploiting their imagination. This thesis focuses on static assemblies with rigid parts. We develop computational methods for analyzing and designing assemblies that are structurally stable and assemblable. To address this problem, we use integral joints i.e., tenon and mortise, that are historically used because of their reversibility which simplifies the disassembly process significantly. Properly arranged integral joints can restrict parts' relative movement for improved structural stability. However, manually finding the right joints' geometry is a tedious and error-prone task. Inspired by the kinematic-static duality, we first propose a new kinematic-based method for analyzing the structural stability of assemblies. We then develop a two-stage computational design framework based on this new analyzing method. The kinematic design stage determines the amount of motion restrictions imposed by joints to make a given assembly stable in the motion space. The geometric design stage searches for proper shapes of the joints to satisfy the motion restriction requirements computed from the previous stage. To solve the problem numerically, we propose the joint motion cones to measure the motion restriction capacity of given joints. Compared with previous works, our framework can efficiently handle inputs with complex geometry. Besides, our design framework is very flexible and can easily be adapted to various applications:First, we focus on designing globally interlocking assemblies that can withstand arbitrary external forces and torques. Second, we are interested in designing assemblies of rigid convex blocks to approximate freeform surfaces. Our design framework can optimize the blocks' shape to generate assemblies with good resistance against lateral forces, and in some cases, globally interlocking assemblies.Lastly, we present a method for designing complex assemblies with cone joints. By optimizing the shapes of cone joints, our design framework can find the best trade-off between structural stability and assemblability.We validate our computational tools by fabricating a series of physical prototypes. Our algorithms have great potential to be applied for solving various assembly design problems ranging from small-scale such as toys and furniture to large-scale such as art installation and architecture. For example, the proposed techniques could be applied for designing discrete architecture that can be automatically constructed with robots.

EPFL2021

Chargement

Computational Analysis and Design of Structurally Stable Assemblies with Rigid Parts

Ziqi Wang

EPFL2021

EPFL2022