Électrification

L'électrification consiste en l'installation de électricité à un endroit, sur un territoire, sur une ligne de train grâce à un réseau électrique. Cette électrification nécessite trois conditions :

Un ou plusieurs fournisseurs d’électricité ;

Un réseau de transport de électricité utilisant des lignes électriques en haute ou basse tension en triphasé ou en continu selon la distance ;

Un réseau de distribution pour relier le réseau de transport aux consommateurs (entreprises ou particuliers) à la tension désirée.

L'électrification en France Histoire La France s'électrifie entre les années 1880 et 1920. L'électrification commence par plaque locale autour de certains communes et quartiers qui sont progressivement desservis par l'électricité de manière inégale (pas d'autorité centrale pour coordonner tout cela, les communes sont au cœur de la distribution). Des syndicats intercommunaux pour l'électricité ont vu le jour dans les années 1920 et 1930. Des change

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Model-based economic analysis of electrification in railway - Understanding the impact of track, operations, and uncertainties

Michel Bierlaire, Florian Mueller, Nikola Obrenovic

This paper presents results on the impact of different tracks on the economic viability of track electrification for regional railway. Since regional railway still heavily relies on pollutive diesel propulsion systems, track electrification can be key to reduce CO2 emissions. While complex methods exist to assess the economic viability track per track, little work has been done to study the impact of widely varying track parameters and uncertainties. The proposed approach utilizes a model to simulate vehicle power management for a given track. Based on these outputs, we develop and validate a cost model to compute the life cycle costs for diesel and electric track operation. A sensitivity analysis with regard to track parameters, operational parameters, and economic uncertainties reveals where track electrification is economically beneficial. Furthermore, we provide the reader with a set of criteria to support decision in future electrification projects. The main conclusion is that diesel and electrical drivetrain have a similar total cost, but a different composition.

2019

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Electrification of Isolated Areas by Interconnecting Renewable Sources (ERD Project): Lessons Learned

Jean-Claude Bolay, Benjamin Michelon

Researchers from Switzerland and Morocco undertook a joint project to develop a technique for producing electrical energy from renewable primary energy sources to supply small networks of isolated consumers. Specific attention was paid to sustainable development issues, namely, the integration of social, environmental, technical and economic components. The project was carried out in the Ouneine Valley (Morocco). The project aimed to implement a technical transfer program and to improve the population’s ability to absorb innovations such as rural electrification by isolated micro-grid. The project also comprised a research component aimed at gaining an understanding of the interfaces between the technical and sociological levels.

2008

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Robust control for an electromagnetic actuator for a camless engine

Zlatina Kirilova Dimitrova

The increase of the effective efficiency of the internal combustion engines is important for the fuel consumption reduction and the CO2 emission reduction. The variable engine valve trains are important for the gas exchanges and influence directly the effective efficiency of the internal combustion engine. With the increased electrifications of the vehicles, variable valve train based on electricity driven actuators presents interest for investigation for gasoline engines for vehicular application. This article presents an innovative application of an electromagnetic actuator for a future variable engine valve train. The actuators are designed for small gasoline engine. The design of a high performing and dynamic electromechanical system leads to a nonlinear behavior of the actuator. The nonlinearities that have to be faced come from the magnetic laws and the mechanical friction. In the final control strategy, it is proposed to compensate them both with nonlinear feedforward actions and with a linear robust feedback controller, which is able to reject all what cannot be predicted. An experimental test bench is built for the correlation of the control model with experimental measures. Control strategies are developed and the performance indicators of the actuators are evaluated. The robust controller method uses CRONE system control methodology. The investigations show that very good dynamic performances of the controller are obtained.

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