Rochethumb|Un morceau de basalte. Une roche (du latin vulgaire rocca) est un matériau naturel presque toujours solide et constitué, essentiellement ou en totalité, d'un assemblage de minéraux. Les roches comportent parfois des fossiles (dans les roches sédimentaires), du verre résultant du refroidissement rapide d'un liquide (tachylites et obsidiennes produites par le volcanisme, et pseudotachylites produites par frottement) ou des agrégats d'autres roches.
Oldest dated rocksThe oldest dated rocks formed on Earth, as an aggregate of minerals that have not been subsequently broken down by erosion or melted, are more than 4 billion years old, formed during the Hadean Eon of Earth's geological history. Meteorites that were formed in other planetary systems can pre-date Earth. Particles from the Murchison meteorite were dated in January 2020 to be 7 billion years old. Hadean rocks are exposed on Earth's surface in very few places, such as in the geologic shields of Canada, Australia, and Africa.
