The Polish diaspora comprises Poles and people of Polish heritage or origin who live outside Poland. The Polish diaspora is also known in modern Polish as Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance languages.
There are roughly 20,000,000 people of Polish ancestry living outside Poland, making the Polish diaspora one of the largest in the world and one of the most widely dispersed. Reasons for displacement include border shifts, forced expulsions, resettlement by voluntary and forced exile, and political or economic emigration.
Substantial populations of Polish ancestry can be found in their native region of Central and Eastern Europe and many other European countries as well as in the Americas and Australia.
The Polonia in English-speaking countries often uses a dialect of Polish called Ponglish. It is made up of a Polish core with many English words inside it.
There are also smaller Polish communities in most countries of Asia and Africa, most notably in Kazakhstan and South Africa.
Historical demographics of PolandPoles participated in the creation of the first European settlements in the Americas. In the 17th century, Polish missionaries arrived for the first time in Japan. Vast numbers of Poles left the country during the Partitions of Poland for economic and political reasons as well as the ethnic persecution practised by Russia, Prussia and Austria.
Many of the Poles who emigrated were Jews, who make up part of the Jewish diaspora. The Second Polish Republic was home to the world's largest Jewish population. It was followed by invasions of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union. More than 3 million Polish Jews were murdered in the Holocaust by Nazi Germany during World War II. Most survivors subsequently migrated to Mandate Palestine since Poland was the only Eastern Bloc country to allow free Jewish aliyah without visas or exit permits at the end of the war.
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The ethnonyms for the Poles (people) and Poland (their country) include endonyms (the way Polish people refer to themselves and their country) and exonyms (the way other peoples refer to the Poles and their country). Endonyms and most exonyms for Poles and Poland derive from the name of the West Slavic tribe of Polans (Polanie), while in some languages the exonyms for Poland to derive from the name of another tribe – the Lendians (Lędzianie).
La diaspora polonaise, appelée aussi Polonia, regroupe les émigrés polonais et leurs descendants. Le terme fait référence au groupe ethnique polonais qui, après avoir émigré, réside en permanence en dehors de son pays d’origine, mais qui a gardé, indépendamment de son lieu de naissance et de sa citoyenneté, un lien avec sa patrie d’origine. Cette émigration peut être qualifiée de politique, d’économique, de secondaire ou de saisonnière. Les plus anciennes émigrations furent d’ordre politique.
Le Sénat de la république de Pologne (Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) est la chambre haute du pouvoir législatif de Pologne, la chambre basse étant la Diète. Il compte élus au suffrage universel. thumb|Scène représentant une session du Sénat en 1661 à Jasna Góra. thumb|Première réunion du Sénat en 1922 après l'indépendance de la Pologne. Le Sénat était à l'origine la chambre des conseillers des rois de Pologne. Durant la monarchie constitutionnelle, le Sénat était composé des magnats - des voïvodes, châtelains et évêques, nommés à vie par le roi.
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