Broadcast law and Electricity law is the field of law that pertains to broadcasting. These laws and regulations pertain to radio stations and TV stations, and are also considered to include closely related services like cable TV and cable radio, as well as satellite TV and satellite radio. Likewise, it also extends to broadcast networks. Broadcast law includes technical parameters for these facilities, as well as content issues like copyright, profanity, and localism or regionalism. ABS-CBN franchise renewal controversy Under the Philippine law, broadcasting networks require a congressional franchise to operate television and radio stations. MERALCO franchise renewal controversy Under the Philippine law, electricity generation require a congressional franchise In the US, broadcasting falls under the jurisdiction of the Federal Communications Commission. Some of the more notable aspects of broadcast law involve: frequency allocation: The division of the spectrum into unlicensed frequency bands -- ISM band and U-NII—and licensed frequency bands -- television channel frequencies, FM broadcast band, amateur radio frequency allocations, etc. low-power broadcasting fairness doctrine public broadcasting The Radio Act of 1927 was the first major broadcasting law in the country. Among its provisions was the equal opportunity provision, providing a foundation for the equal time rule. This provision requires radio and television stations and cable systems which originate their own programming to treat legally qualified political candidates equally when it comes to selling or giving away air time. Concerns that, without mandated equal opportunity for candidates, some broadcasters might try to manipulate elections led to its creation by legislators. The Communications Act of 1934 amended the Radio Act of 1927 and the equal time provision is located Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934.