Deforestation and climate changeDeforestation is a primary contributor to climate change, and climate change affects forests. Land use changes, especially in the form of deforestation, are the second largest anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions, after fossil fuel combustion. Greenhouse gases are emitted during combustion of forest biomass and decomposition of remaining plant material and soil carbon. Global models and national greenhouse gas inventories give similar results for deforestation emissions.
Perte de la biodiversitévignette|redresse=1.5|Selon le Rapport planète vivante 2016 de WWF, l'indice planète vivante affiche un déclin de 58 % des populations mondiales de vertébrés entre 1970 et 2012. La perte de la biodiversité, appelée aussi déclin de la biodiversité ou érosion de la biodiversité ou effondrement de la biodiversité, est une crise écologique qui implique l'extinction d'espèces (végétales ou animales) dans le monde entier, ainsi que la réduction ou la perte locale d'espèces dans un habitat donné, et la disparition d'écosystèmes.
Agricultural productivityAgricultural productivity is measured as the ratio of agricultural outputs to inputs. While individual products are usually measured by weight, which is known as crop yield, varying products make measuring overall agricultural output difficult. Therefore, agricultural productivity is usually measured as the market value of the final output. This productivity can be compared to many different types of inputs such as labour or land. Such comparisons are called partial measures of productivity.
Land degradationLand degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Natural hazards are excluded as a cause; however human activities can indirectly affect phenomena such as floods and bush fires. Expert projections suggest that land degradation will be an important theme of the 21st century, impacting agricultural productivity, biodiversity loss, environmental change, and its effects on food security.
