Conseil exécutif de l'État libre d'Irlande

The Executive Council (Ard-Chomhairle) was the cabinet and de facto executive branch of government of the 1922–1937 Irish Free State. Formally, executive power was vested in the Governor-General on behalf of the King. In practice, however, it was the Council that governed, since the Governor-General was (with few exceptions) bound to act on its advice. The Executive Council included a prime minister called the President of the Executive Council and a deputy prime minister called the Vice-President. A member of the Council was called an executive minister, as distinct from an extern minister who had charge of a department without being in the Council. The President of the Executive Council was appointed by the Governor-General after being nominated by Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament), and the remaining Executive Ministers were nominated by the President. The Executive Council could also be removed by a vote of no confidence in the Dáil. For formal and diplomatic purposes, the description "His Majesty's Government in the Irish Free State" was sometimes used. The Free State constitution provided that executive authority would be vested in the King and exercised by his Governor-General, who would appoint an Executive Council to "aid and advise" him. However, under Article 51 this power was only exercisable "in accordance with the law, practice and constitutional usage governing the exercise of the Executive Authority in the case of the Dominion of Canada". In practice this meant that, as in Canada, the Governor-General was in most cases required to act on the advice of the Executive Council. Thus, it was the cabinet in which true authority lay. In addition to de facto exercising the executive authority, the Executive Council, by advising the Governor-General, had the exclusive right to: Convene and dissolve parliament – although this right could not be exercised by a cabinet which had lost the confidence of the Dáil. Command of the Defence Forces – although the cabinet could not involve the state in a war without the consent of the Oireachtas.

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Concepts associés (7)

Le Conseil exécutif (Executive Council, Ard-Chomhairle) est le cabinet et, de facto, l'exécutif du gouvernement de l'État libre d'Irlande entre 1922 et 1937. Le pouvoir exécutif est officiellement dévolu au Gouverneur général au nom du roi. Dans la pratique, toutefois, c’est le Conseil qui gouverne, puisque le Gouverneur général est (à quelques exceptions près) obligé de donner suite à ses conseils. Le Conseil exécutif comprend un premier ministre appelé le Président du Conseil exécutif et un vice-premier ministre appelé le vice-président.

Dominion

vignette|upright=1.5|alt=Carte des dominions à la fin du XIXe siècle.|Carte de l'Empire britannique sous la reine Victoria, à la fin du . Le mot « dominions » désigne l'ensemble des territoires appartenant à la Couronne. Un dominion est un État membre autonome de l'Empire britannique puis du Commonwealth. Avant la Première Guerre mondiale, les dominions ne sont pas pleinement indépendants, le Royaume-Uni gardant la souveraineté sur les relations internationales, la diplomatie, la guerre, la citoyenneté, la plus haute instance judiciaire et la Constitution.

Constitution of the Irish Free State

The Constitution of the Irish Free State (Bunreacht Shaorstát Éireann) was adopted by Act of Dáil Éireann sitting as a constituent assembly on 25 October 1922. In accordance with Article 83 of the Constitution, the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 of the British Parliament, which came into effect upon receiving the royal assent on 5 December 1922, provided that the Constitution would come into effect upon the issue of a Royal Proclamation, which was done on 6 December 1922.