Bus errorIn computing, a bus error is a fault raised by hardware, notifying an operating system (OS) that a process is trying to access memory that the CPU cannot physically address: an invalid address for the address bus, hence the name. In modern use on most architectures these are much rarer than segmentation faults, which occur primarily due to memory access violations: problems in the logical address or permissions. On POSIX-compliant platforms, bus errors usually result in the SIGBUS signal being sent to the process that caused the error.
System busA system bus is a single computer bus that connects the major components of a computer system, combining the functions of a data bus to carry information, an address bus to determine where it should be sent or read from, and a control bus to determine its operation. The technique was developed to reduce costs and improve modularity, and although popular in the 1970s and 1980s, more modern computers use a variety of separate buses adapted to more specific needs.
Logiciel systèmethumb|Logiciel système et applicatif Le logiciel système est un ensemble de programmes informatiques et de bibliothèques logicielles qui fournit un environnement permettant de créer et d'exécuter des logiciels applicatifs. Les fonctionnalités de base d'un ordinateur telles que la manipulation des fichiers et des périphériques sont apportées par le logiciel système. Le logiciel système est lancé avant le logiciel applicatif et joue le rôle d'intermédiaire entre le logiciel applicatif et le matériel de l'ordinateur.
Bit fieldA bit field is a data structure that consists of one or more adjacent bits which have been allocated for specific purposes, so that any single bit or group of bits within the structure can be set or inspected. A bit field is most commonly used to represent integral types of known, fixed bit-width, such as single-bit Booleans. The meaning of the individual bits within the field is determined by the programmer; for example, the first bit in a bit field (located at the field's base address) is sometimes used to determine the state of a particular attribute associated with the bit field.
Segment de codeIn computing, a code segment, also known as a text segment or simply as text, is a portion of an or the corresponding section of the program's virtual address space that contains executable instructions. The term "segment" comes from the memory segment, which is a historical approach to memory management that has been succeeded by paging. When a program is stored in an object file, the code segment is a part of this file; when the loader places a program into memory so that it may be executed, various memory regions are allocated (in particular, as pages), corresponding to both the segments in the object files and to segments only needed at run time.
ZSeriesDepuis , IBM désigne tous ses ordinateurs centraux (mainframes) par le nom eServer zSeries. Ce sont des ordinateurs , dont le premier est le zSeries 900. Depuis , avec une nouvelle génération de produits, la désignation officielle a changé pour IBM system z.
Memory-mapped fileA memory-mapped file is a segment of virtual memory that has been assigned a direct byte-for-byte correlation with some portion of a file or file-like resource. This resource is typically a file that is physically present on disk, but can also be a device, shared memory object, or other resource that the operating system can reference through a . Once present, this correlation between the file and the memory space permits applications to treat the mapped portion as if it were primary memory.
Processeurs 36 bitsthumb|Un PDP-6 36 bits. Certains ordinateurs étaient basés sur une architecture processeur 36 bits, dont notamment : Le DEC PDP-6, puis le modèle PDP-10 ; Les IBM 701, 704, 709 (à lampes), puis 7090, 7094, 7094 II, 7040, 7044 (à transistors) ; Les GE-635 et GE-645, ainsi que le Honeywell 6180 ; Les UNIVAC 1106, 1107, 1108, 1110, 1100 ; Les machines Lisp commercialisées par Symbolics. Le choix des 36 bits n'est pas un hasard : c'est pour garder une certaine compatibilité avec les calculateurs décimaux dont la précision étaient de 10 chiffres.
