Transformisme (art)

Cross-dressing is the act of wearing clothes traditionally or stereotypically associated with a different gender. From as early as pre-modern history, cross-dressing has been practiced in order to disguise, comfort, entertain, and express oneself. Almost every human society throughout history has had expected norms for each gender relating to style, color, or type of clothing they are expected to wear, and likewise most societies have had a set of guidelines, views or even laws defining what type of clothing is appropriate for each gender. Therefore, cross-dressing allows individuals to express themselves by acting beyond guidelines, views, or even laws defining what type of clothing is expected and appropriate for each gender. The term "cross-dressing" refers to an action or a behavior, without attributing or implying any specific causes or motives for that behavior. Cross-dressing is not synonymous with being transgender. The phenomenon of cross-dressing is seen throughout recorded history, being referred to as far back as the Hebrew Bible. The terms used to describe it have changed throughout history; the Anglo-Saxon-rooted term "cross-dresser" is viewed more favorably than the Latin-origin term "transvestite" in some circles, where it has come to be seen as outdated and derogatory. Its first mention originated in Magnus Hirschfeld's Die Transvestiten (The Transvestites) in 1910, originally associating cross-dressing with non-heterosexual behavior or derivations of sexual intent. Its connotations largely changed in the 20th century as its use was more frequently associated with sexual excitement, otherwise known as transvestic disorder. This term was historically used to diagnose psychiatric disorders (e.g. transvestic fetishism), but the former (cross-dressing) was coined by the transgender community. The Oxford English Dictionary gives 1911 as the earliest citation of the term "cross-dressing", by Edward Carpenter: "Cross-dressing must be taken as a general indication of, and a cognate phenomenon to, homosexuality".

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Transformisme (art)

thumb|This is the Army, comédie musicale d'Irving Berlin jouée à Broadway en 1942 par une troupe uniquement composée de soldats. Transformisme désigne, dans son acception la plus ancienne, l'interprétation de rôles féminins par des interprètes masculins. Le transformisme traditionnel est très ancien. En Occident, il remonte au moins au théâtre grec antique, dont tous les rôles étaient joués par des hommes. C'est aussi le cas en Angleterre pour le théâtre élisabéthain (1562-1642).

Transgender

A transgender person (often abbreviated to trans person) is someone whose gender identity differs from that typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth. Many experience gender dysphoria, which they may seek to alleviate through transitioning, often adopting a different name and set of pronouns in the process. They may pursue gender affirming care such as hormone replacement therapy and various gender-affirming surgeries. Not all transgender people desire these treatments and others may be unable to access them for financial, medical or legal reasons.

Rôle de genre

vignette|Symboles de genre utilisés pour désigner les femmes (à gauche) ou les hommes (à droite) La notion de rôle de genre désigne le fait qu'il existe des attentes sociales particulières envers les individus en fonction de leur genre. Divers facteurs sont à l'origine du développement des rôles de genre, et ils ont une influence sur la vie des individus à différents niveaux. Par ailleurs, les rôles de genre diffèrent selon les cultures et les époques.

PENS-317: DRAG(UE): Performativity and the built environment

L'environnement construit sera exploré à travers sa performativité grâce aux perspectives offertes par les gender studies, queer theories, de/postcolonial studies et sociologie urbaine. Les discussion