Chose publique

Res publica (also spelled rēs pūblica to indicate vowel length) is a Latin phrase, loosely meaning 'public affair'. It is the root of the word 'republic', and the word 'commonwealth' has traditionally been used as a synonym for it; however, translations vary widely according to the context. Res is a nominative singular Latin noun for a substantive or concrete thing—as opposed to spes, which means something unreal or ethereal—and publica is an attributive adjective meaning 'of or pertaining to the public, people'. Hence a literal translation is, 'the public thing, affair' or 'the people's thing, affair'. m. The latin word res publica was incompatible with the idea of absolute power by any individual or group over the body of citizens. The most essential characteristic of a res publica was liberty (libertas), which meant freedom from the arbitrary control of another and the absence of a monarchical domination over the body politic, that was analogous to the absolute power of a master over a slave. Res publica usually is something held in common by many people. For instance a park or garden in the city of Rome could either be 'private property' (res privata), or managed by the state, in which case it would be part of the res publica. Taking everything together that is of public interest leads to the connotation that the res publica in general equals 'the state'. For Romans, the state equaled the Roman Empire and all its interests, so Res Publica may also refer to the Roman Empire as a whole, regardless of whether it was governed as a republic or under imperial reign. In this context, scholars suggest commonwealth as a more accurate and neutral translation of the Latin term, as it implies neither republican governance nor imperial rule, but rather refers to the state as a whole. However, translating res publica as 'republic' when it clearly refers to the Roman Empire under Imperial reign sometimes occurs (see quotes below). Roman authors would use the phrase res publica in the context of the era when Rome was governed as a republic: the era between the Roman Kingdom and Roman Empire.

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Concepts associés (11)

Séances de cours associées (1)

Fonction Dedekind : Continuation analytique et formule de produit d'Euler MATH-317: Algebra V - Galois theory

Couvre la fonction Dedekind, la formule du produit Euler, la convergence des séries et la poursuite analytique des fonctions logarithmiques.

De Republica

Le De Republica (en français : De la République) est un traité sur la politique, écrit par Cicéron en 54 av. J.-C.. L'ouvrage, écrit sous la forme d'un dialogue platonicien, traite de la meilleure forme d'État et de la manière de bien conduire un État. Cette question avait déjà été abordée par les Grecs avec La Politique d’Aristote et La République de Platon. Cicéron applique leurs analyses aux institutions de la République romaine, pour établir que la République du était la cité la plus proche de l’équilibre idéal formulé par ces théories.

Guerre civile de César

La guerre civile de César, appelée aussi guerre civile romaine de 49 av. J.-C. ou guerre civile entre César et Pompée, est un des derniers conflits intérieurs de la République romaine, et fait partie de la liste des nombreuses guerres civiles romaines. Elle a consisté en une série de heurts politiques et militaires entre Jules César, ses alliés politiques et ses légions d'une part, et la faction conservatrice du Sénat romain, appelée aussi optimates, épaulée par les légions de Pompée d'autre part.

Classical republicanism

Classical republicanism, also known as civic republicanism or civic humanism, is a form of republicanism developed in the Renaissance inspired by the governmental forms and writings of classical antiquity, especially such classical writers as Aristotle, Polybius, and Cicero. Classical republicanism is built around concepts such as liberty as non-domination, self-government, rule of law, property-based personality, anti-corruption, abolition of monarchy, civics, civil society, common good, civic virtue, popular sovereignty, patriotism and mixed government.