Slavery at common law

Slavery at common law in the British Empire developed slowly over centuries, and was characterised by inconsistent decisions and varying rationales for the treatment of slavery, the slave trade, and the rights of slaves and slave owners. Unlike in its colonies, within the home islands of Britain, until 1807, except for statutes facilitating and taxing the international slave trade, there was virtually no legislative intervention in relation to slaves as property, and accordingly the common law had something of a "free hand" to develop, untrammelled by the "paralysing hand of the Parliamentary draftsmen". Two attempts to pass a slave code via Parliament itself both failed, one in the 1660s and the other in 1674. Some scholars assert slavery was not recognised as lawful, often on the basis of pronouncements such as those attributed to Lord Mansfield, that "the air of England is too pure for any slave to breathe". However the true legal position has been both complex and contested. In the 17th and 18th centuries, some African slaves were openly held, bought, sold, and searched for when escaping within Britain. There was an Irish decree in 1171 "that all the English slaves in the whole of Ireland, be immediately emancipated and restored to their former liberty". The same source indicates that slavery in England was abolished by a general charter of emancipation in 1381. Other historical sources for such an emancipation proclamation appear thin, although the date would coincide with the Peasants' Revolt, after which a number of concessions were made by the 14-year-old King Richard II, which were later rescinded. Certainly villeinage continued in England, slowly decaying, until the last villein died in the early 17th century. In later common law cases, none of the foregoing decrees or proclamations were cited or referred to as binding law in relation to the status of slaves generally. In 1569, a man, Cartwright, was observed savagely beating another, which in law would have amounted to a battery, unless a defence could be mounted.

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Concepts associés (2)

Histoire de l'esclavage

L’histoire de l'esclavage est celle des différentes formes prises par la condition sociale d'êtres humains privés par d'autres du droit de propriété sur eux-mêmes. Les premières attestations de l'esclavage remontent au Néolithique. Dans les archives historiques du Moyen-Orient, les mieux connues, l'Égypte antique et la Perse ont précédé l'esclavage arabo-musulman, à son tour imité par certains pays européens à partir des et . Le phénomène est devenu intercontinental au par les traites négrières du commerce triangulaire.

Abolitionnisme

L'abolitionnisme est un courant de pensée qui émerge dans le dernier tiers du dans le monde occidental (notamment en Grande-Bretagne) et vise la suppression de l'esclavage. Par extension, on utilise le terme pour tous les mouvements qui cherchent la suppression d'une tradition, d'une institution ou d'une loi : abolition de la peine de mort, de la torture, du salariat, des privilèges, des prisons, de la prostitution, de l'exploitation animale, etc. thumb|left|200px|Réquisitoire abolitionniste politique et économique par André-Daniel Laffon de Ladebat en 1788.