Deus otiosus

In the history of religion and philosophy, deus otiosus (Latin: "inactive god") is the belief in a creator God who has entirely withdrawn from governing the universe after creating it or is no longer involved in its daily operation. It is a central tenet of Deism. In the Sumerian creation myth, the younger gods Enlil and Enki replace the deus otiosus Anu. In Greek mythology, the older gods like Uranus and Gaia make way for Cronos and Rhea who in turn are succeeded by the Olympians Zeus and Hera and company. In Baltic mythology, the primordial supreme god Dievas most probably was a deus otiosus. In Christian theology, Protestant reformer Martin Luther used the notion of deus absconditus (Latin: "hidden god") in order to explain the mystery and remoteness of God. God in Hinduism In the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika school of Hinduism as well as in the other ancient Indian schools of philosophy, early philosophical and cosmological theories were predominantly atheistic or non-theistic, which postulated that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to paramāṇu (atoms) of substances whose aggregations, combinations, and interactions explained the nature of the universe. In the 1st millennium CE, the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika school added the concept of Ishvara to its atomistic naturalism. These later Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika atomists retained their belief that substances are eternal, but included the belief in the existence of an Ishvara, which is regarded as the eternal Supreme Being who is also omniscient and omnipresent. Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika atomists held that the world was created when order was imposed on pre-existing matter: the motion of atoms was ascribed to the agency of a Supreme Being, which did not create the universe out of nothing according to the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika school. In the 11th century CE, the organization of atoms was cited as a proof for the existence of God by some Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika atomists.

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Concepts associés (3)

Pandéisme

Le pandéisme, du grec ancien πὰν « tout » et du latin Deus (Dieu), est la combinaison du panthéisme et du déisme ; système philosophique suivant lequel on affirme l’identité substantielle de Dieu et du monde et où on n’admet d’autre Dieu qu’une substance infinie dont tous les êtres sont des modes. Dieu y est conçu comme un être suprême en dehors de toute révélation et de tout culte. Le pandéisme affirme à la fois la croyance en un Dieu créateur de l'univers, et celle en un Dieu devenu l'univers lui-même, sur lequel il ne peut donc plus intervenir comme une cause extérieure.

Nontheistic religion

Nontheistic religions (not to be confused with atheism) are traditions of thought within a religious context—some otherwise aligned with theism, others not—in which nontheism informs religious beliefs or practices. Nontheism has been applied and plays significant roles in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While many approaches to religion exclude nontheism by definition, some inclusive definitions of religion show how religious practice and belief do not depend on the presence of a god or gods.

Déisme

Le déisme est une croyance ou une doctrine qui défend l'affirmation rationnelle de l'existence de Dieu, proposant une forme religieuse conforme à la raison, exclusive aux religions révélées. Le déisme propose d'arriver à Dieu — un Dieu du raisonnement plutôt qu'un Dieu de foi ou de culte — par des voies exclusivement humaines, sans pour autant pouvoir en déterminer les attributs. Le concept se développe essentiellement en Angleterre et en France à partir du , mais est difficile d'accès et ambigu, car il réfère à plusieurs systèmes distincts.