ÉnactionLa notion d'énaction est une façon de concevoir la cognition qui met l'accent sur la manière dont les organismes et esprits humains s'organisent eux-mêmes en interaction avec l'environnement. L'approche théorique de la cognition selon la notion d'énaction, nommée , fut proposée par Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, et Eleanor Rosch. Elle est proche de la cognition située et de la cognition incarnée et est conçue comme une alternative au cognitivisme, au computationnalisme et au dualisme de Descartes.
Autobiographical memoryAutobiographical memory (AM) is a memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life, based on a combination of episodic (personal experiences and specific objects, people and events experienced at particular time and place) and semantic (general knowledge and facts about the world) memory. It is thus a type of explicit memory. Conway and Pleydell-Pearce (2000) proposed that autobiographical memory is constructed within a self-memory system (SMS), a conceptual model composed of an autobiographical knowledge base and the working self.
Mental chronometryMental chronometry is the scientific study of processing speed or reaction time on cognitive tasks to infer the content, duration, and temporal sequencing of mental operations. Reaction time (RT; sometimes referred to as "response time") is measured by the elapsed time between stimulus onset and an individual's response on elementary cognitive tasks (ETCs), which are relatively simple perceptual-motor tasks typically administered in a laboratory setting.
Faux souvenirsthumb|upright=1.5|Mémoire retrouvée (Recovered Memory), une sculpture de Nicola Hicks sur le thème de la mémoire retrouvée. Un est un phénomène psychologique qui se produit lorsqu'une personne se remémore un événement qui, en fait, n'a pas eu lieu. Les observations ou les hypothèses sur l'existence de faux souvenirs remontent aux débuts de la psychanalyse et de la psychologie clinique ; on les retrouve dans les écrits de Sigmund Freud et Pierre Janet.
Perceptual control theoryPerceptual control theory (PCT) is a model of behavior based on the properties of negative feedback control loops. A control loop maintains a sensed variable at or near a reference value by means of the effects of its outputs upon that variable, as mediated by physical properties of the environment. In engineering control theory, reference values are set by a user outside the system. An example is a thermostat. In a living organism, reference values for controlled perceptual variables are endogenously maintained.
Psychology of reasoningThe psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions. It overlaps with psychology, philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, logic, and probability theory. Psychological experiments on how humans and other animals reason have been carried out for over 100 years. An enduring question is whether or not people have the capacity to be rational.
Triade cognitive de BeckLa triade cognitive de Beck, ou triade cognitive dépressive de Beck, désigne une classe de trois types de pensées négatives présents dans la dépression, proposée par Aaron Beck en 1976. Cette triade fait partie de sa théorie cognitive de la dépression. Elle implique des pensées négatives sur : l'estime (ex. faible estime de soi), le monde/l'entourage (ex. le monde est injuste), et l'avenir (ex. avenir sans espoir).
NeurocognitionNeurocognitive functions are cognitive functions closely linked to the function of particular areas, neural pathways, or cortical networks in the brain, ultimately served by the substrate of the brain's neurological matrix (i.e. at the cellular and molecular level). Therefore, their understanding is closely linked to the practice of neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience – two disciplines that broadly seek to understand how the structure and function of the brain relate to cognition and behaviour.
Amnésie infantileL'amnésie infantile décrit le phénomène amnésique touchant la mémoire épisodique qui conduit à la pauvreté des souvenirs relatifs aux premières années de vie et notamment à leur absence avant deux ans. L'amnésie infantile concerne spécifiquement les souvenirs "autobiographiques" de la mémoire épisodique, soit le souvenir chronologique des événements vécus avec leur contexte, et non les souvenirs de la mémoire sémantique comme les connaissances relatives au langage ou aux habiletés motrices.
Decay theoryThe Decay theory is a theory that proposes that memory fades due to the mere passage of time. Information is therefore less available for later retrieval as time passes and memory, as well as memory strength, wears away. When an individual learns something new, a neurochemical "memory trace" is created. However, over time this trace slowly disintegrates. Actively rehearsing information is believed to be a major factor counteracting this temporal decline.
