Charbon

Résumé

Le charbon est une roche sédimentaire combustible, riche en carbone, de couleur noire ou marron foncé, formée à partir de la dégradation partielle de la matière organique des végétaux. Il est exploité dans des mines, appelées charbonnages. Couvrant 26,8 % des besoins énergétiques mondiaux en 2020, le charbon est la seconde ressource énergétique de l'humanité, derrière le pétrole (29,5 %) et devant le gaz naturel (23,7 %), et la première source d'électricité avec 35,2 % de la production d'électricité en 2020 contre 38,3 % en 1973. La consommation mondiale est concentrée en 2022 à 73,3 % dans trois pays : Chine 54,8 %, Inde 12,4 % et États-Unis 6,1 %. Elle atteint une tonne de charbon/an/habitant.L'AIE prévoit que la consommation mondiale devrait être stable entre 2022 et 2025, la baisse de la consommation en Europe et Amérique du nord étant compensée par son augmentation en Inde et en Asie du Sud-Est. Souvent appelé houille, il était autrefois appelé charbon de terre en opposition

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Energy demand continuously increases what contributes to higher emissions of GHG. Moreover, the primary energy sources like coal, natural gas and oil are depleting. To manage this problem, the scientists have worked on the different possibilities of renewable energy conversion technologies in order to get the most useful and cleanest type of energy. In this work, there are investigated possible biomass conversion technologies in order to satisfy energy demand for Poznan, the city in Poland. Actually, the energy demand is met by coal combined with heat and power plant (CHP). There is an interest of changing actual coal CHP plant with biomass to minimize emissions. The aim of this work is to choose the best thermo-chemical biomass conversion option in the concept of minimum investment cost. To achieve this goal, the thermo-economic analysis and optimization of different biomass conversion technologies have to be conducted. First, on the basis of the literature review, the models of biomass conversion processes are modeled in Belsim Vali software. Then, from 2008, two different scenarios of energy demand are defined for the city. In the next step of this work, there is conducted energy integration in order to find an optimal set of designed boundary conditions through maximizing the units of performance for the most promising types of biomass conversion processes. Finally, an optimal configurations and sizes of the equipments are found by thermo- economic optimization.

2011

Chargement

, ,

A significant part of the cost for carbon capture and storage ( CCS) is related to the compression of captured CO2 to its supercritical state, at 150 bar and typically 99% purity. These stringent conditions may however not always be necessary for specific cases of carbon capture and utilization ( CCU). In this manuscript, we investigate how much the parasitic energy of an adsorbent-based carbon capture process may be lowered by utilizing CO2 at 1 bar and adapting the final purity requirement for CO2 from 99% to 70% or 50%. We compare different CO2 sources: the flue gases of coal-fired or natural gas-fired power plants and ambient air. We evaluate the carbon capture performance of over 60 nanoporous materials and determine the influence of the initial and final CO2 purity on the parasitic energy of the carbon capture process. Moreover, we demonstrate the underlying principles of the parasitic energy minimization in more detail using the commercially available NaX zeolite. Finally, the calculated utilization cost of CO2 is compared with the reported prices for CO2 and published costs for CCS.

Royal Soc Chemistry2016

Chargement

Thermo-economic evaluation of coal power plants with CO2 capture

Jeremy Urech

Actually the world is facing the dual challenge of energy supply security and mitigating climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions. In this context different alternatives to reduce the atmospheric CO2 emissions are increasing the efficiency, switching to renewable resource and reduce emissions from fossil resources by CO2 capture and storage (CCS) . In power plants three different CCS concepts have emerged: post-combustion applying an end of pipe technology to remove CO2, oxy-fuel combustion (i.e. pure O2 oxidation) and pre-combustion (i.e. H2 routes). Coal power plants are supplying a large amount of the world's electricity and contributing to the CO2 emissions increase. The goal of the project is to study the performance of coal power with CO2 capture and to assess the energy penalty and cost of capturing CO2.

2011

Chargement