Chero dynasty

The Chero dynasty or Chyavana dynasty was a polity that ruled the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, corresponding to the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand, after the fall of the Pala Empire; their rule lasted from the 12th century CE to the 19th century CE. The Chero/Chyavana Kingdom territory stretched from Upper Gangetic plain in west to the lower Ganga plain in East and from the Madhesh region in north to the Kaimur Range and Chota Nagpur Plateau in south. At its peak of reign, the Chero/Chyavana kingdom extended from an area of Prayagraj in the west to Banka in the east and from Champaran in the north to Chota Nagpur Plateau in the south. They survived and remained independent of the Turkic and Mughal rule and at worst were their tributaries. They established principalities in the Shahabad, Saran, Champaran, Muzzafarpur and Palamu. Bihea was capital of Chero Raja Ghughulia. Tirawan in Bhojpur region was second capital where Raja Sitaram Rai, the son of Raja Ram Rai was ruling chief. Chainpur was capital of third principalities where Raja Salabahim as its ruler. In Sasaram, the capital was Deo Markande with Raja Phulchand as chief. Cheros rose to power in 12th century after fall of Pala Empire. According to Ahmad Yadgar, Sher Shah Suri wanted to take possession of a White elephant from Maharata Chero. On refusal of Maharata Chero, Sher Shah dispatched Khawas Khan with 4000 horses against the Raja. The Chero chief was besieged and compelled to surrender the elephant and Khawas Khan captured huge booty. According to Abbas Sarwani, the author of Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi the Maharata Chero became so powerful in Shahabad that Sher Shah had to send Khawas Khan to lead an expedition against him. Due to battle of Chausa, the campaign was suspended. Soon after the battle of Chausa, Sher Shah dispatched Khawas Khan and Chero chief was defeated and killed. In 1590, Man Singh after suppressing chief of Kharagpur and Gidhour, attacked Anant Rai of Palamu.