Embedded emissionsOne way of attributing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is to measure the embedded emissions of goods that are being consumed (also referred to as "embodied emissions", "embodied carbon emissions", or "embodied carbon"). This is different from the question of to what extent the policies of one country to reduce emissions affect emissions in other countries (the "spillover effect" and "carbon leakage" of an emissions reduction policy). The UNFCCC measures emissions according to production, rather than consumption.
Énergie griseL’énergie grise, ou énergie intrinsèque, est la quantité d'énergie consommée lors du cycle de vie d'un matériau ou d'un produit : la production, l'extraction, la transformation, la fabrication, le transport, la mise en œuvre, l'entretien et enfin le recyclage, à l'exception notable de l'utilisation. L'énergie grise est en effet une énergie cachée, indirecte, au contraire de l'énergie liée à l'utilisation, que le consommateur connaît, ou peut connaître aisément.
Bilan carboneLe bilan carbone lié à la fabrication d'un produit ou à l'activité d'une entité humaine (individu, groupe, collectivité) est un outil de comptabilisation de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Il tient compte de l'énergie primaire et de l'énergie finale de ces produits et services. Le bilan carbone vise à renseigner les systèmes d'échange de type bourse du carbone, à poser les bases de solutions efficaces de réduction de la consommation énergétique, et peut optimiser la fiscalité écologique (taxe carbone.
Sustainable consumptionSustainable consumption (sometimes abbreviated to "SC") is the use of products and services in ways that minimizes impacts on the environment. Sustainable consumption is done in a way that needs are met for present humans but also for future generations. Sustainable consumption is often paralleled with sustainable production; consumption refers to use and disposal (or recycling) not just by individuals and households, but also by governments, businesses, and other organizations.
Du berceau au berceauvignette|upright=1.3|315px|Modèle du concept « du berceau au berceau » (cradle to cradle). Le berceau au berceau (en anglais : cradle to cradle, C2C) fait partie de l'écoconception mais est aussi un concept d'éthique écologique ou de philosophie de la production industrielle qui intègre à toutes les étapes du cycle de vie d'un produit (conception, production, réutilisation) les principes écologiques de zéro pollution et 100 % de réutilisation.
Sustainable productsSustainable products are those products that provide environmental, social and economic benefits while protecting public health and environment over their whole life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials until the final disposal. According to Belz, Frank-Martin., the definition of sustainable product has six characteristics: Customer satisfaction: any products or services that do not meet customer needs will not survive in the market in a long term.
Supply chain sustainabilitySupply-chain sustainability is the impact a company’s supply chain can make in promoting human rights, fair labor practices, environmental progress and anti-corruption policies. There is a growing need for integrating sustainable choices into supply-chain management. An increasing concern for sustainability is transforming how companies approach business. Whether motivated by their customers, corporate values or business opportunity, traditional priorities such as quality, efficiency and cost regularly compete for attention with concerns such as working conditions and environmental impact.
Sustainability measurementSustainability measurement is a set of frameworks or indicators to measure how sustainable something is. This includes processes, products, services and businesses. Sustainability is difficult to quantify. It may even be impossible to measure. To measure sustainability, the indicators consider environmental, social and economic domains. The metrics are still evolving. They include indicators, benchmarks and audits. They include sustainability standards and certification systems like Fairtrade and Organic.
