Contingent claimIn finance, a contingent claim is a derivative whose future payoff depends on the value of another “underlying” asset, or more generally, that is dependent on the realization of some uncertain future event. These are so named, since there is only a payoff under certain contingencies. Any derivative instrument that is not a contingent claim is called a forward commitment. The prototypical contingent claim is an option, the right to buy or sell the underlying asset at a specified exercise price by a certain expiration date; whereas (vanilla) swaps, forwards, and futures are forward commitments, since these grant no such optionality.
Capital budgetingCapital budgeting in corporate finance, corporate planning and accounting is area of capital management that concerns the planning process used to determine whether an organization's long term capital investments such as new machinery, replacement of machinery, new plants, new products, and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm's capitalization structures (debt, equity or retained earnings). It is the process of allocating resources for major capital, or investment, expenditures.
Évaluation du prix d'une actionL'évaluation d'action est ici l'estimation, à partir de critères qui se veulent objectifs, de la valeur de marché potentielle d'une action. Évaluer la valeur d'une action se pose dans des termes très différents suivant que l'on s'intéresse à un portefeuille financier ou au contrôle d'une entreprise. La valeur financière d'une action reflète l'état financier de l'entreprise. Analyser l'état financier d'une entreprise est l'objet de l'analyse financière. Pour investir dans une action, l'investisseur évalue la rentabilité de l'action et le risque associé.
Valuation using discounted cash flowsValuation using discounted cash flows (DCF valuation) is a method of estimating the current value of a company based on projected future cash flows adjusted for the time value of money. The cash flows are made up of those within the “explicit” forecast period, together with a continuing or terminal value that represents the cash flow stream after the forecast period. In several contexts, DCF valuation is referred to as the "income approach".
