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Concept

Hydrocarbon exploration

Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for deposits of hydrocarbons, particularly petroleum and natural gas, in the Earth's crust using petroleum geology. Exploration methods Visible surface features such as oil seeps, natural gas seeps, pockmarks (underwater craters caused by escaping gas) provide basic evidence of hydrocarbon generation (be it shallow or deep in the Earth). However, most exploration depends on highly sophisticated technology to detect and determine the extent of these deposits using exploration geophysics. Areas thought to contain hydrocarbons are initially subjected to a gravity survey, magnetic survey, passive seismic or regional seismic reflection surveys to detect large-scale features of the sub-surface geology. Features of interest (known as leads) are subjected to more detailed seismic surveys which work on the principle of the time it takes for reflected sound waves to travel

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Publications associées (9)

Publications associées

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Personnes associées

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Unités associées

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Concepts associés (13)

Concepts associés

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Cours associés (7)

This course aims at studying thermal power cycles, heat pumping technologies, and equipment.

This course aims to teach essential notions of the structure of matter, chemical equilibria and reactivity. Classes and exercises provide the means to analyze and solve, by reasoning and calculation, novel problems of geeneral chemistry.

This course covers the fundamental and applied aspects of electrocatalysis related to renewable energy conversion and storage. The focus is on catalysis for hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, and CO2 reduction reactions. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are discussed.

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Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (8)

Séances de cours associées

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Aging and sarcopenia associate with specific interactions between gut microbes, serum biomarkers and host physiology in rats

Anirikh Chakrabarti, Sonia Karaz, Mojgan Masoodi, Alice Pannerec, Jay Siddharth

The microbiome has been demonstrated to play an integral role in the maintenance of many aspects of health that are also associated with aging. In order to identify areas of potential exploration and intervention, we simultaneously characterized age-related alterations in gut microbiome, muscle physiology and serum proteomic and lipidomic profiles in aged rats to define an integrated signature of the aging phenotype. We demonstrate that aging skews the composition of the gut microbiome, in particular by altering the Sutterella to Barneseilla ratio, and alters the metabolic potential of intestinal bacteria. Age-related changes of the gut microbiome were associated with the physiological decline of musculoskeletal function, and with molecular markers of nutrient processing/availability, and inflammatory/immune status in aged versus adult rats. Altogether, our study highlights that aging leads to a complex interplay between the microbiome and host physiology, and provides candidate microbial species to target physical and metabolic decline during aging by modulating gut microbial ecology.

Impact Journals Llc2017

Chargement

Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Hydroalkylation of Pyrrolines

Xile Hu, Deyun Qian

Nickel hydride (NiH) catalyzed hydrocarbonation has emerged as an efficient approach to construct new C-C bonds containing at least one C(sp(3)) center. However, the regioselectivity of this reaction is by far dictated by substrates. Described here is a strategy to achieve two different regioselectivites of hydroalkylation of the same substrates by using ligand control. This strategy enables the first regiodivergent hydroalkylation of 3-pyrrolines, yielding both 2- and 3-alkylated pyrrolidines, valuable synthetic intermediates and common motifs in many bioactive molecules. This method demonstrates broad scope and high functional-group tolerance, and can be applied in late-stage functionalizations.

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH2019

Chargement

Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroalkylation and Hydroarylation of Alkenyl Boronic Esters

Srikrishna Bera, Xile Hu

Metal hydride catalyzed hydrocarbonation reactions of alkenes are an efficient approach to construct new carbon-carbon bonds from readily available alkenes. However, the regioselectivity of hydrocarbonation remains challenging to be controlled. In nickel hydride (NiH) catalyzed hydrocarbonation, linear selectivity is most often obtained because of the relative stability of the linear Ni-alkyl intermediate over its branched counterpart. Herein, we show that the boronic pinacol ester (Bpin) group directs a Ni-catalyzed hydrocarbonation to occur at its adjacent carbon center, resulting in formal branch selectivity. Both alkyl and aryl halides can be used as electrophiles in this hydrocarbonation, providing access to a wide range of secondary alkyl Bpin derivatives, which are valuable building blocks in synthetic chemistry. The utility of the method is demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of natural products and drug molecules, the synthesis of an anticancer agent, and iterative syntheses.

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH2019

Chargement

Petroleum reservoir

A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter)

Imagerie sismique

L'imagerie sismique est une méthode géophysique d'observation de la subsurface. Elle permet de visualiser les structures géologiques en profondeur grâce à l'analyse des échos d'ondes sismiqu

Puits de pétrole

Un puits de pétrole est un équipement chargé d'extraire le pétrole brut du sous-sol, comprenant un puits d'exploitation et du matériel de pompage ainsi que des systèmes de contrôle et/ou sécurité. G

This course aims at studying thermal power cycles, heat pumping technologies, and equipment.

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