Chorochromatic map

A Chorochromatic map (), also known as an area-class, qualitative area, or mosaic map, is a type of thematic map that portray regions of categorical or nominal data using variations in color symbols. Chorochromatic maps are typically used to represent discrete fields, also known as categorical coverages. Chorochromatic maps differ from choropleth maps in that chorochromatic maps are mapped according to data-driven boundaries instead of trying to make the data fit within existing, sometimes arbitrary units such as political boundaries. The chorochromatic map is one of the oldest types of thematic map, first appearing independently in several different fields. In 1741, Gottfried Hensel published Synopsis Universae Philologiae, a book about world languages that included a set of maps of language regions, each with boundaries and colors for broad language families as he understood them. Other maps of cultural regions began to appear in the 19th Century. The first known geologic map of surficial rock types was published by Jean-Étienne Guettard and Philippe Buache in 1746, showing matching formations crossing the English Channel in bands of gray. In the early 19th Century, these kinds of maps proliferated, especially in the United Kingdom and France, including hand-painted color. Perhaps the first master of this technique was Heinrich Berghaus. His 1837 Physikalischer Atlas, probably the first thematic atlas ever published, includes several color chorochromatic maps. These included a variety of topics from both physical and human geography: watersheds, geology, agriculture, biogeography, and ethnicity. Much of the data was apparently obtained from Alexander von Humboldt. With the increasing availability of chromolithography in the second half of the 19th Century, chorochromatic maps proliferated to the point that the concept of filling areas with color became almost mundane. The origin of the term chorochromatic is unclear, as none of these early works mentioned it; Erwin Raisz uses the term in the 1938 textbook General Cartography.

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Map symbol

A map symbol or cartographic symbol is a graphical device used to visually represent a real-world feature on a map, working in the same fashion as other forms of symbols. Map symbols may include point markers, lines, regions, continuous fields, or text; these can be designed visually in their shape, size, color, pattern, and other graphic variables to represent a variety of information about each phenomenon being represented.

Field (geography)

In the context of spatial analysis, geographic information systems, and geographic information science, a field is a property that fills space, and varies over space, such as temperature or density. This use of the term has been adopted from physics and mathematics, due to their similarity to physical fields (vector or scalar) such as the electromagnetic field or gravitational field. Synonymous terms include spatially dependent variable (geostatistics), statistical surface ( thematic mapping), and intensive property (physics and chemistry) and crossbreeding between these disciplines is common.

Couvre les composantes et les fonctions de la cartographie thématique, y compris les variables visuelles, la production de cartes et la cartographie interactive.

Couvre la cartographie thématique, les variables visuelles, la production de cartes et la cartographie interactive.

Couvre la cartographie statistique thématique, les types de cartes thématiques et les méthodes de discrétisation pour représenter et classer les caractéristiques des ensembles de données.