Stock optionUne stock option (ou stock-option) est une forme de rémunération variable allouée par les actionnaires d'une entreprise à ses dirigeants ou ses salariés. Il s'agit d'une option d'achat (call) dont l'actif sous-jacent est l'action de l'entreprise employeur. Elle entre dans les composantes de la rémunération globale en tant que rétribution dont le but est d'inciter les dirigeants et les principaux cadres à orienter leur action dans le sens exclusif d'une valorisation boursière à moyen terme (5 ans en général en France).
Adaptive market hypothesisThe adaptive market hypothesis, as proposed by Andrew Lo, is an attempt to reconcile economic theories based on the efficient market hypothesis (which implies that markets are efficient) with behavioral economics, by applying the principles of evolution to financial interactions: competition, adaptation, and natural selection. This view is part of a larger school of thought known as Evolutionary Economics. Under this approach, the traditional models of modern financial economics can coexist with behavioral models.
Equity premium puzzleThe equity premium puzzle refers to the inability of an important class of economic models to explain the average equity risk premium (ERP) provided by a diversified portfolio of U.S. equities over that of U.S. Treasury Bills, which has been observed for more than 100 years. There is a significant disparity between returns produced by stocks compared to returns produced by government treasury bills. The equity premium puzzle addresses the difficulty in understanding and explaining this disparity.
Financial econometricsFinancial econometrics is the application of statistical methods to financial market data. Financial econometrics is a branch of financial economics, in the field of economics. Areas of study include capital markets, financial institutions, corporate finance and corporate governance. Topics often revolve around asset valuation of individual stocks, bonds, derivatives, currencies and other financial instruments. It differs from other forms of econometrics because the emphasis is usually on analyzing the prices of financial assets traded at competitive, liquid markets.
Real exchange-rate puzzlesThe real exchange-rate puzzles is a common term for two much-discussed anomalies of real exchange rates: that real exchange rates are more volatile and show more persistence than what most models can account for. These two anomalies are sometimes referred to as the purchasing power parity puzzles. Dornbusch's (1976) exchange rate overshooting hypothesis argued that exchange rate volatility is essentially driven by monetary shocks interacting with sticky prices.
Forward premium anomalyThe forward premium anomaly in currency markets (also referred to as the forward premium puzzle or the Fama puzzle) refers to the well documented empirical finding that the domestic currency appreciates when domestic nominal interest rates exceed foreign interest rates. This is perceived as puzzling in the context of the hypothesis that the expected future change in the exchange rate between two countries is equal to the interest-rate differential between these two countries; this hypothesis suggests that if all currencies are equally risky, investors would demand higher interest rates on currencies expected to fall in value.
Analyse par les options réellesL'analyse par les options réelles (AOR) est un outil financier d'aide à la décision en matière d'investissement, directement inspiré des techniques d’options financières (« call » ou « put »). L’option réelle permet de prendre une décision stratégique d'investissement relative à un actif sous-jacent non financier. Ce sous-jacent peut être un projet ou un actif réel du type : bien d'équipement, usine de production, projet R&D, activité en phase de démarrage ou de croissance, ou bien encore propriété intellectuelle.
Option styleIn finance, the style or family of an option is the class into which the option falls, usually defined by the dates on which the option may be exercised. The vast majority of options are either European or American (style) options. These options—as well as others where the payoff is calculated similarly—are referred to as "vanilla options". Options where the payoff is calculated differently are categorized as "exotic options". Exotic options can pose challenging problems in valuation and hedging.
Mutual fund separation theoremIn portfolio theory, a mutual fund separation theorem, mutual fund theorem, or separation theorem is a theorem stating that, under certain conditions, any investor's optimal portfolio can be constructed by holding each of certain mutual funds in appropriate ratios, where the number of mutual funds is smaller than the number of individual assets in the portfolio. Here a mutual fund refers to any specified benchmark portfolio of the available assets. There are two advantages of having a mutual fund theorem.
Hyman MinskyHyman Minsky, né le à Chicago et mort le , est un économiste américain s'inscrivant dans le courant de pensée post-keynésienne. Il est connu pour ses études portant sur les crises financières et leur lien avec le cycle économique. Sans avoir fait école, ses analyses ont exercé une importante influence sur ce courant de pensée. Ses analyses ont par ailleurs trouvé un écho plus large, jusque dans les milieux de la finance. Hyman Minsky est le fils de deux militants socialistes.
