Concept
Modèle (économie)
Concepts associés (27)
Incohérence temporelle
vignette|208x208px| F. Kydland et E. Prescott ont reçu le Prix d’Économie de la Banque de Suède en 2004. L'incohérence temporelle est une situation dans laquelle une politique économique décidée à un moment devient inutile quelque temps plus tard, souvent lorsqu'elle est entrée en œuvre. Il s'agit d'un concept utilisé en économie et en science politique. En 1977, les économistes Finn Kydland et Edward Prescott publient un article, Rules rather than discretion : The inconsistency of optimal plans, qui est très vite commenté par la profession économique.
Circuit économique
Le circuit économique est une représentation schématique du système économique qui met en évidence la circulation du revenu, dépensé ou épargné. Il apporte une représentation schématisée de la circulation de flux de richesses (monnaie, biens, services, main d’œuvre) entre des pôles (production, consommation). Il permet d’évaluer les poids économiques des objets (production, consommation, emploi, importation/exportation). La représentation en circuit est l'un des outils basiques de l’analyse macroéconomique.
Preference (economics)
In economics and other social sciences, preference refers to the order in which an agent ranks alternatives based on their relative utility. The process results in an "optimal choice" (whether real or theoretical). Preferences are evaluations and concern matter of value, typically in relation to practical reasoning. An individual's preferences are determined purely by a person's tastes as opposed to the good's prices, personal income, and the availability of goods. However, people are still expected to act in their best (rational) interest.
Exogenous and endogenous variables
In an economic model, an exogenous variable is one whose measure is determined outside the model and is imposed on the model, and an exogenous change is a change in an exogenous variable. In contrast, an endogenous variable is a variable whose measure is determined by the model. An endogenous change is a change in an endogenous variable in response to an exogenous change that is imposed upon the model. The term endogeneity in econometrics has a related but distinct meaning.
Exogeny
In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity () is the fact of an action or object originating externally. It contrasts with endogeneity or endogeny, the fact of being influenced within a system. In an economic model, an exogenous change is one that comes from outside the model and is unexplained by the model. Such changes of an economic model from outside factors can include the influence of technology, in which this had previously been noted as an exogenous factor, but has rather been noted as a factor that can depict economic forces as a whole.
Foundations of Economic Analysis
Foundations of Economic Analysis is a book by Paul A. Samuelson published in 1947 (Enlarged ed., 1983) by Harvard University Press. It is based on Samuelson's 1941 doctoral dissertation at Harvard University. The book sought to demonstrate a common mathematical structure underlying multiple branches of economics from two basic principles: maximizing behavior of agents (such as of utility by consumers and profits by firms) and stability of equilibrium as to economic systems (such as markets or economies).
Controverse des deux Cambridge
La controverse des deux Cambridge est un débat économique sur la nature, le rôle et la quantification des biens d'équipement, c'est-à-dire des moyens de production. Ayant eu lieu dans les années 1960, elle doit son nom aux villes où enseignaient les protagonistes du débat : Cambridge en Angleterre (université de Cambridge) et Cambridge aux États-Unis (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).