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An air source heat pump (ASHP) is a type of heat pump that can absorb heat from outside a structure and release it inside using the same vapor-compression refrigeration process and much the same equipment as air conditioners but used in the opposite direction. Unlike an air conditioning unit, most ASHPs are reversible and are able to either warm or cool buildings and in some cases also provide domestic hot water. In a typical setting, an ASHP can gain 4 kWh thermal energy from 1 kWh electric energy. They are optimized for flow temperatures between 30 and 40°C (86–104°F) suitable for well insulated buildings. With losses in efficiency, an ASHP can even offer a full central heating solution with a flow temperature up to . Air-to-water heat pumps use radiators or underfloor heating to heat or cool a whole house and are often also used to provide domestic hot water. Air-to-air heat pumps are simpler and slightly more efficient devices that provide hot or cold air directly to internal spaces, but do not usually provide hot water. Air at any temperature above absolute zero contains some energy. An air source heat pump transfers some of this energy as heat from one place to another, for example between the outside and inside of a building. This can provide space heating and hot water. A single system can be designed to transfer heat in either direction, to heat or cool the interior of the building in winter and summer respectively. For simplicity, the description below focuses on use for interior heating. The technology is similar to a refrigerator or freezer or air conditioning unit: the different effect is due to the physical location of the different system components. Just as the pipes on the back of a refrigerator become warm as the interior cools, so an ASHP warms the inside of a building whilst cooling the outside air. The main components of an air source heat pump are: An outdoor evaporator heat exchanger coil, which extracts heat from ambient air One or more indoor condenser heat exchanger coils, which transfer the heat into the indoor air, or an indoor heating system such as water-filled radiators or underfloor circuits and a domestic hot water tank.

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District energy network potentials in a city territory

Raphaël Briguet

Following the Covid crisis and the war in Ukraine, the rise of fossil fuels prices demonstrates the insecurity of the supply in addition to the adverse impact it has on the environment. These crises could lead to a global shift in the strategy of building heating. Renewable systems are promising alternatives to fossil fuel heating system. One of them is the District Heating Network that has the advantages of recovering the waste heat from the industry. In the context of a neutral carbon objective set by the aluminium factory Novelis, the city of Sierre is interested in investigating the possibility of develop- ing a District Heating Network (DHN). This study develops a method to design a network between a heat source and a city, based only on open data building’s inventory. The method, applied to the case study of Sierre, shows that, coupled with heat pumps, the DHN could reduce the heating emissions of the connected buildings, between 88% and 96 % and that 50% of the Novelis’ heat is recovered when half of the city is connected to the network. In addition to that, using new generation of DHN, like CO2 based network makes possible to supply cold with the same infrastructure.

2022

EPFL's District Heating Heat Pump - Performance Analysis for DIfferent Working Fluids

Sylvain Clément

The present case study is multi-criteria performance analysis of EPFL’s heat pump for different working fluids. The heat pump is based on a 2-stage vapour compression cycle which is modelled using the software Belsim VALI for 7 low-GWP refrigerants. The simulation of the heat pump over different typical periods allowed to estimate the yearly mean COP of the heat pump. R-600a, R-600 and R-717 are the refrigerants showing the higher thermal efficiencies (COP = 5.5-5.7) and thereby also the higher environmental and economical performances. According to the TEWI indicator, the leakages of low-GWP refrigerants are negligible compared to the CO2-eq. emissions from the electricity generation. The decrease in the isentropic efficiency when the heat pump does not work at its maximum capacity strongly affect the COP. Therefore it is recommended to implement a heat storage system to increase the number of operating hours without isentropic efficiency decrease.

2021

Heat Pump Integration Into Urban Energy Systems

Leonardo Gonçalo Melo

Groupe E a promoter of district heating networks was confronted with the possibility of building a network of this nature in the municipality of La Tour-de-Peilz. The munici- pality imposed a situation where the lake water should be used for heat pumping. By mapping the heat demand with the help of Geographical Information System (GIS) tools and a database manager it was possible to simulate the thermal behavior of the build- ings within the bounds of the municipality. To carry on an analysis on the performance of several heat supply scenarios, industrial process integration techniques were used to verify the performance of diﬀerent technologies in the basis of environomic indicators. The base case in the municipality being a traditional boiler, was then compared on the basis of these indicators. It was found that for the buildings existing in the municipality, the best choice is to install high temperature heat pumps that do not perform as well in terms of exergy eﬃciency as low temperature heat pumps but they can create the bridge between the goal of the promoter and the pollution mitigation. With this solution, re- ductions of 98& in C O2 equivalent green house gases is achieved and an increase of 64% in the exergy eﬃciency of the chain of enerdy conversion.

2011

thumb|Module externe d'un climatiseur à air. thumb|Module externe de climatiseur sur un toit. thumb|Climatiseur intégré au plafond. La climatisation est la technique qui consiste à modifier, contrôler et réguler les conditions climatiques (température, humidité, niveau de poussières) d’un intérieur pour des raisons de confort (automobile, bureaux, maisons individuelles) ou pour des raisons techniques (laboratoires médicaux, locaux de fabrication de composants électroniques, blocs opératoires, salles informatiques).

A ground source heat pump (also geothermal heat pump) is a heating/cooling system for buildings that uses a type of heat pump to transfer heat to or from the ground, taking advantage of the relative constancy of temperatures of the earth through the seasons. Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) – or geothermal heat pumps (GHP) as they are commonly termed in North America – are among the most energy-efficient technologies for providing HVAC and water heating, using far less energy than can be achieved by burning a fuel in a boiler/furnace or by use of resistive electric heaters.

ME-459: Thermal power cycles and heat pump systems

This course aims at studying thermal power cycles, heat pumping technologies, and equipment.

ME-451: Advanced energetics

Methods for the rational use and conversion of energy in industrial processes : how to analyse the energy usage, calculate the heat recovery by pinch analysis, define heat exchanger network, integrate

ME-341: Heat and mass transfer

This course covers fundamentals of heat transfer and applications to practical problems. Emphasis will be on developing a physical and analytical understanding of conductive, convective, and radiative

SES Swiss-Energyscope

La transition énergique suisse / Energiewende in der Schweiz

SES Swiss-Energyscope

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Neuronal Dynamics - Computational Neuroscience of Single Neurons

The activity of neurons in the brain and the code used by these neurons is described by mathematical neuron models at different levels of detail.

Cycle de stirling PHYS-106(a): General physics : thermodynamics

Explore le cycle Stirling, un processus thermodynamique avec combustion continue et des options de carburant polyvalentes, adapté pour les applications de réfrigération et de pompe à chaleur.

Chauffage au sol : confort et efficacité

Explore les avantages du chauffage par le sol pour un confort et une efficacité optimaux, en discutant de la distribution de la chaleur et des avantages économiques.

Analyse thermique d'un CubeSat 3U ME-314: Concurrent engineering project

Couvre l'analyse thermique d'un CubeSat 3U et de ses températures de sous-système.