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A bowel resection or enterectomy (enter- + -ectomy) is a surgical procedure in which a part of an intestine (bowel) is removed, from either the small intestine or large intestine. Often the word enterectomy is reserved for the sense of small bowel resection, in distinction from colectomy, which covers the sense of large bowel resection. Bowel resection may be performed to treat gastrointestinal cancer, bowel ischemia, necrosis, or obstruction due to scar tissue, volvulus, and hernias. Some patients require ileostomy or colostomy after this procedure as alternative means of excretion. Complications of the procedure may include anastomotic leak or dehiscence, hernias, or adhesions causing partial or complete bowel obstruction. Depending on which part and how much of the intestines are removed, there may be digestive and metabolic challenges afterward, such as short bowel syndrome. Types of enterectomy are named according to the relevant bowel segment: The anatomy and surgical technique for bowel resection varies based on the location of the removed segment and whether or not the surgery is due to malignancy. The below sections describe resection for non-malignant causes. Malignancy may require more extensive tissue resection beyond what is described here. Bowel resection may be done as an open surgery, with a long incision in the abdomen. It may also be done laparoscopically or robotically by creating several small incisions in the abdomen through which surgical instruments are inserted. Once the abdomen is accessed by one of these methods the surgery may procede. Once the abdomen is accessed, the surgeon "runs" the small bowel, viewing the entire small bowel from the ligament of treitz to the ileocecal valve. This allows for total evaluate of the small bowel to identify any and all pathologic sections. Once the area of concern is located, two small holes are created in the mesentery on either end of the segment. These holes are used to place a surgical stapler across the bowel and separate the segment of injured bowel from the healthy bowel on each end.

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Concepts associés (6)

Perforation gastro-intestinale

thumb|Radiophotographie thoracique montrant la présence d'air sous le diaphragme (flèche), due à une perforation gastro-intestinale. La perforation gastro-intestinale est la formation d'un trou dans la paroi gastro-intestinale que cela soit au niveau de l'œsophage, de l'estomac, de l'intestin grêle ou du gros intestin. Cette perforation peut être liée à une complication de maladie digestive, à une plaie pénétrante de l'abdomen, ou à un accident médical. L'un des principaux signes de diagnostic est une douleur importante.

Ischemic colitis

Ischemic colitis (also spelled ischaemic colitis) is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply. Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia. Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation (e.g. low blood pressure) or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels or a blood clot.

Bowel resection