Surface corporelle

La surface corporelle (ou BSA pour Body Surface Area) est la surface externe de la peau recouvrant le corps humain. La taille et le poids d'une personne sont les données qui permettent, par des formules empiriques, une évaluation de sa surface corporelle. Dans la pratique, on utilise souvent aussi des nomogrammes. Utilisations
La notion de surface corporelle d’un humain est couramment utilisée : :- pour le dosage (en mg/m², généralement) de certains médicaments spécifiques (comme les cytostatiques utilisés dans les thérapies d’oncologie), :- pour estimer les lésions de la peau :- pour évaluer les performances du débit cardiaque. Elle entre dans le calcul de l'indice de corpulence fondé sur la surface corporelle (surface based body shape index ou SBSI), lequel donne de meilleures estimations de la morbidité d'une obésité que l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) pour des sujets de plus de 18 ans. Formules de calcul de la surface corporelle vignette|Vidéo mon

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Cœur

Le cœur est un organe musculaire creux qui assure la circulation sanguine en pompant le sang vers les vaisseaux sanguins et les cavités du corps à travers des contractions rythmiques. L'adjectif c

BIO-311: Neuroscience

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MSE-466: Wood structures, properties and uses

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Substrate arrays of iridium oxide microelectrodes for in vitro neuronal interfacing

Shady Didier Gawad, Michele Giugliano, Marc Olivier Heuschkel, Henry Markram, Hywel Morgan, Philippe Renaud

The design of novel bidirectional interfaces for in vivo and in vitro nervous systems is an important step towards future functional neuroprosthetics. Small electrodes, structures and devices are necessary to achieve high-resolution and target-selectivity during stimulation and recording of neuronal networks, while significant charge transfer and large signal-to-noise ratio are required for accurate time resolution. In addition, the physical properties of the interface should remain stable across time, especially when chronic in vivo applications or in vitro long-term studies are considered, unless a procedure to actively compensate for degradation is provided. In this short report, we describe the use and fabrication of arrays of 120 planar microelectrodes (MEAs) of sputtered Iridium Oxide (IrOx). The effective surface area of individual microelectrodes is significantly increased using electrochemical activation, a procedure that may also be employed to restore the properties of the electrodes as required. The electrode activation results in a very low interface impedance, especially in the lower frequency domain, which was characterized by impedance spectroscopy. The increase in the roughness of the microelectrodes surface was imaged using digital holographic microscopy and electron microscopy. Aging of the activated electrodes was also investigated, comparing storage in saline with storage in air. Demonstration of concept was achieved by recording multiple single-unit spike activity in acute brain slice preparations of rat neocortex. Data suggests that extracellular recording of action potentials can be achieved with planar IrOx MEAs with good signal-to-noise ratios.

2009

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Substrate arrays of iridium oxide microelectrodes for in-vitro neuronal interfacing

Shady Didier Gawad, Michele Giugliano, Marc Olivier Heuschkel, Henry Markram, Philippe Renaud

2009

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Total arterial compliance, estimated by a novel method, is better related to left ventricular mass compared to aortic pulse wave velocity: The SAFAR study

Nikolaos Stergiopulos

Aim: The investigation of the association between total arterial compliance (C-T)-estimated by a novel technique-with left ventricular mass (LVM) and hypertrophy (LVH). Our hypothesis was that C-T may be better related to LVM compared to the gold-standard regional aortic stiffness. Within the frame of the ongoing cross-sectional study "SAFAR," 226 subjects with established hypertension or with suspected hypertension underwent blood pressure (BP) assessment, carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), and echocardiographic measurement of LVM. LVM index (LVMI) was calculated by the ratio of LVM to body surface area. C-T was estimated by a previously proposed and validated formula: C-T = 36.7 /cf-PWV2 [ml/mmHg]. LVMI was related to age (r = 0.207, p = 0.002), systolic BP (r = 0.248, p < 0.001), diastolic BP (r = 0.139, p = 0.04), mean BP (r = 0.212, p = 0.002), pulse pressure (r = 0.212, p = 0.002), heart rate (r = -0.172, p = 0.011), cf-PWV (r = 0.268, p < 0.001), and C-T (r = -0.317, p < 0.001). The highest correlation was observed for CT that was significantly stronger than the respective correlation of cf-PWV (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, C-T was a stronger determinant, compared to cf-PWV, of LVMI and LVH. It remains to be further explored whether C-T has also a superior prognostic value beyond and above local or regional (segmental) estimates of pulse wave velocity.

Taylor & Francis Inc2017

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