KismaayoKismaayo (en كيسمايو et en Chisimaio) est une ville du sud-est de la Somalie (province du Jubbada Hoose dans la région du Jubaland), proche de l’embouchure du fleuve Jubba. La population est estimée à environ habitants en 2017. La ville est entre et septembre 2012 sous le contrôle des shebab, un groupe islamiste intégriste qui y a établi la charia. La ville pourrait être l'ancienne Gondal. La ville fut fondée par des Bajuni, ethnie bantoue avant que les clans somalis s’installent dans la région.
Histoire de la SomalieL’histoire de la Somalie peut être, à l'instar des autres États d'Afrique, divisée en période pré-coloniale, coloniale et post-coloniale. Cette dernière est marquée par des troubles ayant fait tomber les institutions somaliennes. Des vestiges de l'époque préhistorique existent par exemple sur les sites de Dhambalin, Gaanlibah, Karinhegane et surtout Laas Geel, et par de très nombreux cairns. Des traces de civilisation humaine ont été découvertes notamment à , dans le sud de la Somalie.
BarderaBardere (بارديرا, Bardhere) is a district in the southwestern Gedo region in Jubaland State of Somalia. It is the second largest and most populous city in Jubaland with Kismayo being the largest and most densely populated city in the region. Bardera sits on the Jubba River around 250 km west of the city of Baidoa and is in a highland area with fertile soil. The city experiences extremely hot temperatures from December to April and heavy rainfalls from April to May knowns as Gu (spring) The city was formerly known as the "Onion capital of the World" for its production of the vegetable, the name Bardere means tall palm trees.
Somali aristocratic and court titlesThis is a list of Somali aristocratic and court titles that were historically used by the Somali people's various sultanates, kingdoms and empires. Also included are the honorifics reserved for Islamic notables as well as traditional leaders and officials within Somali customary law (xeer), in addition to the nobiliary particles set aside for distinguished individuals. Below is a list of the royal court titles historically retained by the Somali monarchies and aristocracies. Suldaan: From the Arabic for Sultan or English "Ruler".
JubbaLe Jubba est un fleuve de l'Éthiopie et du sud de la Somalie qui se jette dans l'océan Indien. Le Jubba prend sa source en Éthiopie où il porte le nom de Ghenale. La faune naturelle de la région comprend des girafes, des panthères, des lions, des léopards, des hyènes, des buffles, des hippopotames, des crocodiles, des éléphants, des gazelles et autres animaux sauvages. La zone a le taux d'humidité le plus élevé de Somalie, et le fleuve a débordé en 1960 (en causant de nombreux morts), en 1997 et en .
Hydraulic empireA hydraulic empire, also known as a hydraulic despotism, hydraulic society, hydraulic civilization, or water monopoly empire, is a social or government structure which maintains power and control through exclusive control over access to water. It arises through the need for flood control and irrigation, which requires central coordination and a specialized bureaucracy. Often associated with these terms and concepts is the notion of a water dynasty.
Hydraulic engineeringHydraulic engineering as a sub-discipline of civil engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage. One feature of these systems is the extensive use of gravity as the motive force to cause the movement of the fluids. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of bridges, dams, channels, canals, and levees, and to both sanitary and environmental engineering.
Spread of IslamThe spread of Islam spans about 1,400 years. Muslim conquests following Muhammad's death led to the creation of the caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces conquering vast territories and building imperial structures over time. Most of the significant expansion occurred during the reign of the Rashidun from 632 to 661 CE, which was the reign of the first four successors of Muhammad.
ChébéliLe Chébéli, Shabeelle ou Shebelé (ሸበሌ) est un cours d'eau de la Corne de l'Afrique qui traverse les territoires de l'Éthiopie et de la Somalie. vignette|gauche|le Chébéli vu par la NASA. D'une longueur totale de , il prend sa source sur les Plateaux d'Éthiopie qu'il traverse sur en direction du sud-est à travers la région Somali éthiopienne. Il pénètre ensuite en Somalie. Juste avant Mogadiscio, il se coude en direction du sud-ouest et suit alors la côte.
JowharJowhar (Jowhar, جوهر) is the capital city of Hirshabelle state of Somalia. Jowhar is also the administrative capital of Middle Shabelle region of Somalia. Along with Baidoa, it used to form the joint administrative capital of the Transitional Federal Government, which it captured from the Islamic Courts Union. The city lies 90 km (50 mi) along a major road north of the national capital of Mogadishu. During the Middle Ages, Jowhar and much of the surrounding area in southern Somalia was governed by the Ajuran Empire.
