In visual perception, the near point is the closest point at which an object can be placed and still form a focused image on the retina, within the eye's accommodation range. The other limit to the eye's accommodation range is the far point.
A normal eye is considered to have a near point at about for a thirty year old. The near point is highly age dependent (see accommodation). A person with hyperopia or presbyopia would have a near point that is farther than normal.
Sometimes, near point is given in diopters (see ), which refers to the inverse of the distance. For example a normal eye would have a near point of .
A person with hyperopia has a near point that is further away than the typical near point for someone their age, and hence the person is unable to bring an object at the typical near point distance into sharp focus. A corrective lens can be used to correct hyperopia by imaging an object at the typical near point distance D onto a at the patient's actual near point, at distance NP. From the thin lens formula, the required lens will have optical power P given by
The calculation can be further improved by taking into account the distance between the spectacle lens and the human eye, which is usually about 1.5 cm:
For example, if a person has NP = 1 m and the typical near point distance at their age is D = 25 cm, then the optical power needed is P = +3.24 diopters where one diopter is the reciprocal of one meter.
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In visual perception, the near point is the closest point at which an object can be placed and still form a focused image on the retina, within the eye's accommodation range. The other limit to the eye's accommodation range is the far point. A normal eye is considered to have a near point at about for a thirty year old. The near point is highly age dependent (see accommodation). A person with hyperopia or presbyopia would have a near point that is farther than normal.
vignette|Diagramme de réfraction d'un dioptre sphérique. En optique, la dioptrie est une unité de vergence homogène à l'inverse d'une longueur . Le symbole de la dioptrie est la lettre grecque δ (delta). La notion de dioptrie a été inventée par l'ophtalmologue Ferdinand Monoyer. Une lentille d'une vergence de aura une distance focale image de cinq centimètres (un vingtième de mètre).
L'optique est la branche de la physique qui traite de la lumière, de son comportement et de ses propriétés, du rayonnement électromagnétique à la vision en passant par les systèmes utilisant ou émettant de la lumière. Du fait de ses propriétés ondulatoires, le domaine de la lumière peut couvrir le lointain UV jusqu'au lointain IR en passant par les longueurs d'onde visibles. Ces propriétés recouvrent alors le domaine des ondes radio, micro-ondes, des rayons X et des radiations électromagnétiques.