Crisis theoryCrisis theory, concerning the causes and consequences of the tendency for the rate of profit to fall in a capitalist system, is associated with Marxian critique of political economy, and was further popularised through Marxist economics. Earlier analysis by Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi provided the first suggestions of the systemic roots of Crisis. "The distinctive feature of Sismondi's analysis is that it is geared to an explicit dynamic model in the modern sense of this phrase ...
Charles FourierCharles Fourier, né le à Besançon (Doubs) et mort le à Paris, est un philosophe français, fondateur de l’École sociétaire. Il était considéré par Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels comme une figure du « socialisme critico-utopique », dont un autre représentant fut Robert Owen. Plusieurs communautés utopiques, indirectement inspirées de ses écrits, ont été créées depuis les . vignette|Maison natale de Fourier à Besançon, dans la Grand-Rue, à l’angle sud de l’ancienne ruelle Baron.
Formation brute de capital fixeLa FBCF, ou formation brute de capital fixe, est l'agrégat qui mesure, en comptabilité nationale, l'investissement (acquisition de biens de production) en capital fixe des différents agents économiques résidents. Le capital fixe est l'ensemble des actifs corporels ou incorporels destinés à être utilisés dans le processus de production pendant au moins un an (ce sont des biens durables).
Capital formationCapital formation is a concept used in macroeconomics, national accounts and financial economics. Occasionally it is also used in corporate accounts. It can be defined in three ways: It is a specific statistical concept, also known as net investment, used in national accounts statistics, econometrics and macroeconomics. In that sense, it refers to a measure of the net additions to the (physical) capital stock of a country (or an economic sector) in an accounting interval, or, a measure of the amount by which the total physical capital stock increased during an accounting period.
Théorème marxien fondamentalLe théorème marxien fondamental est un théorème formalisé d'économie qui montre que le profit des capitalistes est impossible sans exploitation des travailleurs, conformément à la thèse centrale du Capital de Marx. Il est attribué aux économistes japonais Nobuo Okishio et Michio Morishima. Dans le Capital, Karl Marx fonde son analyse du système de production capitaliste sur une théorie de l'exploitation liée à la création d'une plus-value par les travailleurs, et captée par les capitalistes.
Constant capitalConstant capital (c), is a concept created by Karl Marx and used in Marxian political economy. It refers to one of the forms of capital invested in production, which contrasts with variable capital (v). The distinction between constant and variable refers to an aspect of the economic role of factors of production in creating a new value. Constant capital includes the outlay of money on (1) fixed assets, i.e. physical plant, machinery, land and buildings, (2) raw materials and ancillary operating expenses (including external services purchased), and (3) certain faux frais of production (incidental expenses).
Property incomeProperty income refers to profit or income received by virtue of owning property. The three forms of property income are rent, received from the ownership of natural resources; interest, received by virtue of owning financial assets; and profit, received from the ownership of capital equipment. As such, property income is a subset of unearned income and is often classified as passive income. Property income is nominal revenues minus expenses for variable inputs (labor, purchased materials and services).
Capitalist stateThe capitalist state is the state, its functions and the form of organization it takes within capitalist socioeconomic systems. This concept is often used interchangeably with the concept of the modern state. Despite their common functions, there are many recognized differences in sociological characteristics among capitalist states. The primary functions of the capitalist state are to provide a legal framework and infrastructural framework conducive to business enterprise and the accumulation of capital.
Reproduction (economics)In Marxian economics, economic reproduction refers to recurrent (or cyclical) processes. Michel Aglietta views economic reproduction as the process whereby the initial conditions necessary for economic activity to occur are constantly re-created. Marx viewed reproduction as the process by which society re-created itself, both materially and socially.
Fictitious capitalFictitious capital (German: fiktives Kapital) is a concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy. It is introduced in chapter 25 of the third volume of Capital. Fictitious capital contrasts with what Marx calls "real capital", which is capital actually invested in physical means of production and workers, and "money capital", which is actual funds being held. The market value of fictitious capital assets (such as stocks and securities) varies according to the expected return or yield of those assets in the future, which Marx felt was only indirectly related to the growth of real production.
