Digital sculpting, also known as sculpt modeling or 3D sculpting, is the use of software that offers tools to push, pull, smooth, grab, pinch or otherwise manipulate a digital object as if it were made of a real-life substance such as clay.
The geometry used in digital sculpting programs to represent the model can vary; each offers different benefits and limitations. The majority of digital sculpting tools on the market use mesh-based geometry, in which an object is represented by an interconnected surface mesh of polygons that can be pushed and pulled around. This is somewhat similar to the physical process of beating copper plates to sculpt a scene in relief. Other digital sculpting tools use voxel-based geometry, in which the volume of the object is the basic element. Material can be added and removed, much like sculpting in clay. Still other tools make use of more than one basic geometry representation.
A benefit of mesh-based programs is that they support sculpting at multiple resolutions on a single model. Areas of the model that are finely detailed can have very small polygons while other areas can have larger polygons. In many mesh-based programs, the mesh can be edited at different levels of detail, and the changes at one level will propagate to higher and lower levels of model detail. A limitation of mesh-based sculpting is the fixed topology of the mesh; the specific arrangement of the polygons can limit the ways in which detail can be added or manipulated.
A benefit of voxel-based sculpting is that voxels allow complete freedom over form. The topology of a model can be altered continually during the sculpting process as material is added and subtracted, which frees the sculptor from considering the layout of polygons on the model's surface. After sculpting, it may be necessary to retopologize the model to obtain a clean mesh for use in animation or real-time rendering. Voxels, however, are more limited in handling multiple levels of detail. Unlike mesh-based modeling, broad changes made to voxels at a low level of detail may completely destroy finer details.
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L'infographie est le domaine de la création d' assistée par ordinateur. Cette activité est liée aux arts graphiques. Les études les plus courantes passent par les écoles publiques ou privées se situant majoritairement en Angleterre, en Belgique, au Canada, en France, et aux États-Unis. Lors de l'introduction du concept dans la langue française vers les années 1970, le terme « infographie » désigne les graphismes produits par ordinateur.
Zbrush est un logiciel de modélisation 3D utilisant une technologie exclusive de « pixels 3D », les Pixols. Chaque Pixol est défini, en plus de sa couleur, par sa profondeur (indiquée par l'axe Z, d'où le nom Zbrush). Le logiciel repose sur une architecture entièrement fondée sur ces Pixols. ZBrush est utilisé en tant qu'outil de modélisation polygonale afin de créer des modelages de haute résolution (jusqu'à 10 millions de polygones) qui seront utilisés dans l'industrie du jeu vidéo, du cinéma, et dans l'animation.
Mudbox est un logiciel de modélisation 3D . En effet Mudbox, comme son principal rival, ZBrush, permet de sculpter en temps réel sur un objet en 3d. Cette utilisation devient de plus en plus courante pour finaliser ou détailler un modèle réalisé, notamment dans l'industrie du cinéma. Pour être tout à fait efficace, un logiciel de sculpture devra être capable d'afficher énormément de polygones en même temps.
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