Plâtre chirurgical

An orthopedic cast, or simply cast, is a shell, frequently made from plaster or fiberglass, that encases a limb (or, in some cases, large portions of the body) to stabilize and hold anatomical structures—most often a broken bone (or bones), in place until healing is confirmed. It is similar in function to a splint. Plaster bandages consist of a cotton bandage that has been combined with plaster of paris, which hardens after it has been made wet. Plaster of Paris is calcined gypsum (roasted gypsum), ground to a fine powder by milling. When water is added, the more soluble form of calcium sulfate returns to the relatively insoluble form, and heat is produced. 2 (CaSO4·1⁄2 H2O) + 3 H2O → 2 (CaSO4.2H2O) + Heat The setting of unmodified plaster starts about 10 minutes after mixing and is complete in about 45 minutes; however, the cast is not fully dry for 72 hours. Current bandages of synthetic materials are often used, often knitted fiberglass bandages impregnated with polyurethane, sometimes bandages of thermoplastic. These are lighter and dry much faster than plaster bandages. However, plaster can be more easily moulded to make a snug and therefore more comfortable fit. In addition, plaster is much smoother and does not snag clothing or abrade the skin. Upper extremity casts encase the arm, wrist, or hand. A long arm cast encases the arm from the hand to about 2 inches below the armpit, leaving fingers and thumbs free. A short arm cast, in contrast, stops just below the elbow. Both varieties may, depending on the injury and the doctor's decision, include one or more fingers or the thumb, in which case it is called a finger spica or thumb spica cast. Lower extremity casts are classified similarly, with a cast encasing both the foot and the leg to the hip being called a long leg cast, while a cast encasing the patient's foot, ankle and lower leg ending below the knee is referred to as a short leg cast. A walking heel may be applied for ambulation.

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Fémur Fractures Biomécanique

Discute d'un projet sur les critères biomécaniques pour le traitement des fractures du fémur.

Orthotics

Orthotics (Ορθός) is a medical specialty that focuses on the design and application of orthoses, or braces. An is "an externally applied device used to influence the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems." Orthotists are professionals who specialize in designing these braces. Orthotic devices are classified into four areas of the body according to the international classification system (ICS): orthotics of the lower extremities, orthotics of the upper extremities, orthotics for the trunk, and orthotics for the head.

vignette|250px|Illustration d'un fémur humain extraite de Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body. vignette|250px|La forme des os traduit l'adaptation évolutive aux fonctions qu'ils remplissent pour l'organisme. vignette|250px|Os de pieds déformés par la lèpre. Un os est un organe des Vertébrés, essentiellement constitué d'un tissu conjonctif solidifié qu'on appelle aussi os. Grâce à leur structure, les os sont à la fois légers, souples et solides ; ceux des oiseaux contiennent de l'air et sont particulièrement légers.

Plâtre chirurgical

vignette|Enfant du Niger portant un plâtre (2020). vignette|Plâtre positionné sur la pyramide nasale de Pierre Lacaze (rugby) après une fracture du nez lors d'un match de rugby à XIII. Un plâtre est un système de tissu durcissable servant à assurer la contention d'un membre afin de répondre à un traumatisme, en cas de lésions tendineuses ou de fracture ou, en orthopédie, à corriger une déformation. La peau est tout d'abord protégée à l'aide d'un tissu jersey et de bandes d'ouate ou de 3 couches de jersey.