Animal fibers are natural fibers that consist largely of certain proteins. Examples include silk, hair/fur (including wool) and feathers. The animal fibers used most commonly both in the manufacturing world as well as by the hand spinners are wool from domestic sheep and silk. Also very popular are alpaca fiber and mohair from Angora goats. Unusual fibers such as Angora wool from rabbits and Chiengora from dogs also exist, but are rarely used for mass production.
Not all animal fibers have the same properties, and even within a species the fiber is not consistent. Merino is a very soft, fine wool, while Cotswold is coarser, and yet both Merino and Cotswold are types of sheep. This comparison can be continued on the microscopic level, comparing the diameter and structure of the fiber. With animal fibers, and natural fibers in general, the individual fibers look different, whereas all synthetic fibers look the same. This provides an easy way to differentiate between natural and synthetic fibers under a microscope.
Silk is a "natural" protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity. Rearing of silks is called sericulture. Degummed fibers from B. mori are 5-10 μm in diameter. The shimmering appearance for which silk is prized comes from the fibers' triangular prism-like cross-sectional structure which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles.
The length of the silk fiber depends on how it has been prepared. Since the cocoon is made of one strand, if the cocoon is unwound carefully the fibers can be very long.
Spider silk is the strongest natural fiber known. The strongest dragline silk is five times stronger than steel and three times tougher than Kevlar. It is also highly elastic, the silk of the ogre-faced spider can be stretched six times its original length without damage. As of 2005, there is no synthetic material in production that can match spider silk, but it is actively being sought by the U.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Fiber art (fibre art in British spelling) refers to fine art whose material consists of natural or synthetic fiber and other components, such as fabric or yarn. It focuses on the materials and on the manual labor on the part of the artist as part of the works' significance, and prioritizes aesthetic value over utility. The term fiber art came into use by curators and arts historians to describe the work of the artist-craftsman following World War II. Those years saw a sharp increase in the design and production of "art fabric.
thumb|Laine d'alpaga. La fibre d'alpaga est la fibre textile donnée par l'alpaga Vicugna pacos. Le terme désigne indifféremment la laine et le tissu produit avec les poils de cet animal. La laine d'alpaga est une fibre de très haut de gamme, plus douce, plus chaude, plus résistante et plus légère que la laine de mouton. On peut tondre l'animal tous les ans, mais sa toison peut être gardée deux, voire trois ans. Les poils mesurent de 15 à 20 cm de long et l'animal donne de 2 à 3 kg de poil par an.
thumb|Échantillons de feutre. Le feutre est un textile non tissé fabriqué par pression et ébouillantage de poils, avec parfois un traitement chimique, par exemple les sels de cuivre et de mercure pour le feutre de poils de Castor fiber puis C. canadensis dans le passé. Par extension, on parle de feutres synthétiques pour désigner des non-tissé synthétiques, y compris maintenant à échelle nanométrique, comme le feutre de carbone .
This course aims at giving students the fundamental knowledge necessary to design, model, and apply Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concretes (UHPFRC) in structures, in a sustainable way. It p
Explore le processus de recyclage des composites, y compris la récupération des fibres, l'impact environnemental et les applications potentielles des fibres recyclées.