Pre-replication complexA pre-replication complex (pre-RC) is a protein complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initiation step of DNA replication. Formation of the pre-RC is required for DNA replication to occur. Complete and faithful replication of the genome ensures that each daughter cell will carry the same genetic information as the parent cell. Accordingly, formation of the pre-RC is a very important part of the cell cycle. As organisms evolved and became increasingly more complex, so did their pre-RCs.
ExonucléaseL'exonucléase est une nucléase, une enzyme qui coupe les acides nucléiques (ADN ou ARN). Le préfixe exo précise que cette coupure se fait à partir d'une extrémité, un nucléotide à la fois, et dans un sens 5' vers 3' ou l'inverse. Par exemple, l'exonucléase III fonctionne à partir de l'extrémité 3' (sauf si celle-ci est protubérante). Cette enzyme catalyse l'hydrolyse séquentielle des nucléotides d'un ADN double brin dans le sens 3'→5'. Elle libère des monodésoxynucléotides à partir de l'extrémité 3' d'un ADN bicaténaire.
Origin recognition complexIn molecular biology, origin recognition complex (ORC) is a multi-subunit DNA binding complex (6 subunits) that binds in all eukaryotes and archaea in an ATP-dependent manner to origins of replication. The subunits of this complex are encoded by the ORC1, ORC2, ORC3, ORC4, ORC5 and ORC6 genes. ORC is a central component for eukaryotic DNA replication, and remains bound to chromatin at replication origins throughout the cell cycle. ORC directs DNA replication throughout the genome and is required for its initiation.
Intercalation (biochemistry)In biochemistry, intercalation is the insertion of molecules between the planar bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This process is used as a method for analyzing DNA and it is also the basis of certain kinds of poisoning. There are several ways molecules (in this case, also known as ligands) can interact with DNA. Ligands may interact with DNA by covalently binding, electrostatically binding, or intercalating. Intercalation occurs when ligands of an appropriate size and chemical nature fit themselves in between base pairs of DNA.
Cdc6Cdc6, or cell division cycle 6, is a protein in eukaryotic cells. It is mainly studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (). It is an essential regulator of DNA replication and plays important roles in the activation and maintenance of the checkpoint mechanisms in the cell cycle that coordinate S phase and mitosis. It is part of the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) and is required for loading minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins onto the DNA, an essential step in the initiation of DNA synthesis.
Liaison phosphodiesterIn chemistry, a phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups () in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds. The "bond" involves this linkage . Discussion of phosphodiesters is dominated by their prevalence in DNA and RNA, but phosphodiesters occur in other biomolecules, e.g. acyl carrier proteins. Phosphodiester bonds make up the backbones of DNA and RNA. The phosphate is attached to the 5' carbon. The 3' carbon of one sugar is bonded to the 5' phosphate of the adjacent sugar.
Fragment d'OkazakiLes fragments d’Okazaki sont des segments d'acide nucléique qui sont produits lors de la réplication des chromosomes. Leur existence fut mise en évidence pour la première fois en 1968 par et Tsuneko Okazaki ainsi que leurs collègues en étudiant la réplication de la bactérie Escherichia coli. Lors de la réplication, le brin « retardé » est synthétisé de manière discontinue, par petits fragments qui sont ensuite suturés les uns aux autres. Leur longueur est d’environ paires de bases chez Escherichia coli et de 100 à 200 pour les eucaryotes.
Semiconservative replicationSemiconservative replication describe the mechanism of DNA replication in all known cells. DNA replication occurs on multiple origins of replication along the DNA template strands. As the DNA double helix is unwound by helicase, replication occurs separately on each template strand in antiparallel directions. This process is known as semi-conservative replication because two copies of the original DNA molecule are produced, each copy conserving (replicating) the information from one half of the original DNA molecule.
ProgénitureIn biology, offspring are the young creation of living organisms, produced either by a single organism or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two organisms. Collective offspring may be known as a brood or progeny in a more general way. This can refer to a set of simultaneous offspring, such as the chicks hatched from one clutch of eggs, or to all the offspring, as with the honeybee.
AutopoïèseL'autopoïèse (du grec auto soi-même, et poièsis production, création) est la propriété d'un système de se produire lui-même, en permanence et en interaction avec son environnement, et ainsi de maintenir son organisation (structure) malgré son changement de composants (matériaux) et d'informations (données). Le concept d'autopoïèse est inventé par Humberto Maturana et Francisco Varela dans l'article Autopoietic Systems, présenté dans un séminaire de recherche de l'université de Santiago en 1972.