Marteau-piqueur

A jackhammer (pneumatic drill or demolition hammer in British English) is a pneumatic or electro-mechanical tool that combines a hammer directly with a chisel. It was invented by William McReavy, who then sold the patent to Charles Brady King. Hand-held jackhammers are generally powered by compressed air, but some are also powered by electric motors. Larger jackhammers, such as rig-mounted hammers used on construction machinery, are usually hydraulically powered. These tools are typically used to break up rock, pavement, and concrete. A jackhammer operates by driving an internal hammer up and down. The hammer is first driven down to strike the chisel and then back up to return the hammer to the original position to repeat the cycle. The effectiveness of the jackhammer is dependent on how much force is applied to the tool. It is generally used like a hammer to break the hard surface or rock in construction works and it is not considered under earth-moving equipment, along with its accessories (i.e., pusher leg, lubricator). In British English, electromechanical versions are colloquially known as "Kangos". The first steam-powered drill was patented by Samuel Miller in 1806. The drill used steam only for raising the drill. Pneumatic drills were developed in response to the needs of the mining, quarrying, excavating, and tunneling. A pneumatic drill was proposed by C. Brunton in 1844. In 1846, a percussion drill that could be worked by steam, or atmospheric pressure obtained from a vacuum, was patented in Britain by Thomas Clarke, Mark Freeman, and John Varley. The first American "percussion drill" was made in 1848, and patented in 1849 by Jonathan J. Couch of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In that drill, the drill bit passed through the piston of a steam engine. The piston snagged the drill bit and hurled it against the rock face. It was an experimental model. In 1849, Couch's assistant, Joseph W. Fowle, filed a patent caveat for a percussion drill of his own design.

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Concepts associés (3)

Pneumatic tool

A pneumatic tool, air tool, air-powered tool or pneumatic-powered tool is a type of power tool, driven by compressed air supplied by an air compressor. Pneumatic tools can also be driven by compressed carbon dioxide () stored in small cylinders allowing for portability. Most pneumatic tools convert the compressed air to work using a pneumatic motor. Compared to electric power tool equivalents, pneumatic tools are safer to run and maintain, without risk of sparks, short-circuiting or electrocution, and have a higher power to weight ratio, allowing a smaller, lighter tool to accomplish the same task.

Air comprimé

L'air comprimé est de l'air prélevé dans l'atmosphère, dont on utilise la compressibilité à l'aide d'un système pneumatique. Cet air est maintenu sous une pression supérieure à celle de l'atmosphère. L'air comprimé est considéré comme le quatrième fluide utilisé dans l’industrie, après l'électricité, le gaz naturel et l'eau. En Europe, au début des années 2000, 10 % de toute l'électricité utilisée par l'industrie sert à produire de l'air comprimé, cette consommation s'élevant à par an.

Marteau-piqueur

Un marteau-piqueur est un outil permettant la destruction locale de matériaux durs tels que les roches, le béton et l’asphalte. Il se compose généralement d’un corps cylindrique, dans lequel un piston fait des allers-retours. La partie haute comporte une paire de poignées horizontales permettant à l'opérateur de maintenir, de guider et d'actionner l'outil. À l'autre extrémité, un fleuret ou un burin amovible, appelé pointerolle, est positionné de façon à recevoir l'énergie cinétique du piston arrivant en bout de course dans la partie basse.