Concept
Knowledge market
Personnes associées (36)
Dominique Foray
1 - Current occupations and activities I am Full Professor at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and hold the Chair of Economics and Management of Innovation (CEMI). I am a member of the Swiss Council for Science (SWR); chairman of the Advisory Board of the Swiss Economic Research Institute (KOF); and a foreign member of the Center of Capitalism and Society (Columbia University, New York). From 2007 to 2015, I served as a member of the Swiss National Research Council (Division IV - Large Scale Programs) From 2013 to 2016, I was a member of the Expert Commission for Research and Innovation of Germany (E-FI) and a member of the Expert Group for the National Report on Research and Innovation (SBFI, Switzerland). From 2008 to 2011, I served as chairman of the expert group Knowledge for Growth; a group of prominent economists created to advise Commissioner J. Potocnik (European Commission, DG research). This is during this service as member of this Group that I developed the concept of smart specialisation (together with P.A.David and B.Hall) that is now a key policy mechanism of the EU (cohesion policy). My expertise includes the economics of innovation and knowledge and the economic policy implications of the new knowledge-based economy. I have presented many opening speeches and key note address in academic and policy conferences on these topics. I have written numerous academic papers as well as two books and have edited several books and special issues in these fields. Among these books,I like to highlight : Technology and the Wealth of Nations (Pinter, 1992) ed.with C.Freeman; Unemployment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy (OECD, 1996), ed. with B.A.Lundvall; Knowledge economies and societies (a special issue of the International Social Science Journal, Basil Blackwell, 2002, with editions in French, Spanish, Chinese, Arabs, Russian); The Economics of knowledge (MIT press, 2004, paperback in 2006) with editions in France, Italy, Korea, China, Greece, Syria and Algeria The New Economics of Technology Policy(Edward Elgar)2009, ed.; . Smart specialisation : opportunities and challenges for regional innovation policy(Routledge, 2015) Since 2017, I regularly contribute to the Swiss Science Council blog: https://blog.wissenschaftsrat.ch/ 2 Education, previous appointments and academic positions - I received my Ph.D. in economics in 1984 and my "habilitation à diriger des recherches" in 1992 from the University Lumière of Lyon. - In 1985, I joined the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) as a Research Fellow in economics. - In 1990, I joined the Ecole Centrale de Paris as professor of economics, and taught in the program ingénieur économiste. - In 1993, I was nominated as Research Director at CNRS and joined the Institut pour le Management de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (IMRI) of the University of Paris-Dauphine. - In 2001-2004, I worked as a Principal Analyst at the Center for Education, Research and Innovation of OECD (Paris). - I joined the EPFL as Professeur Ordinaire in 2004. 3 - Honours and awards Best young economist award - City of Lyon (France)1986 Outstanding research in 1995 (médaille du CNRS)(France) Futuris award in 2012 for his work on smart specialisation Best paper award, EJIM, 2014 Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Cluj Napoca, 2017 I was also elected as Research Fellow at ICER (International Center for Economic Research) in Turin, at the Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin and at IIASA in Laxenburg; and I was Invited Professor at the Universities of Santiago de Compostela, Torino and Padova. 4 - Consulting activities I have done consulting work for the UNESCO, the OECD, WIPO, UNCTAD, UN/ECE, the European Commission, the Swiss Government and other public organisations. I am currently strongly involved into the "smart specialisation" debate in Europe, giving talks and providing advices in many countries and regions in Europe.
Pierre Dillenbourg
Ancien instituteur primaire, Pierre Dillenbourg obtient un master en Sciences de lEducation (Université de Mons, Belgique). Dans son projet de master en 1986, il est l'un des premiers au monde à appliquer les méthodes de 'machine learning' à l'éducation, afin de développer un 'self-improving teaching system'. Ceci lui permettra de débuter une thèse de doctorat en informatique à l'Université de Lancaster (UK) dans le domaine des applications éducatives de lintelligence artificielle. Il a été Maître dEnseignement et de Recherche à lUniversité de Genève. Il rejoint l'EPFL en 2012, où Il fut le directeur du Centre de Recherche sur l'Apprentissage, la formation et ses technologies(CRAFT), puis académique du Centre pour l'Education à l'Ere Digitale (CEDE) qui met en oeuvre la stratégie MOOC de l'EPFL (plus de 2 millions d'inscriptions). Il est actuellement professeur ordinaire en technologies de formation aux sein de la faculté Informatique et Communications et dirige laboratoire d'ergonomie éducative (CHILI). Depuis 2006, il a aussi été le directeur de DUAL-T, la 'leading house' dédiée aux technologies pour les systèmes de formation professionnelle duale. Il a fondé plusieurs start-ups dans l'éducation et rejoint plusieurs conseils d'administration. En 2017, Il a créé avec des collègues le 'Swiss EdTech Collider', un incubateur qui rassemble 80 start-ups dans le domaine des technologies éducatives. En 2018, ils ont lancé LEARN, le centre EPFL pour les sciences de l'apprentissage, lequel regroupe les initiatives locales en innovation éducative. Pierre est un 'inaugural fellow of the International Society of Learning Sciences'. Il est actuellement le Vice-Président Associé pour l'Education à l'EPFL.
Ian Smith
PhD Université de Cambridge, 1982 Interêts 1 Contrôle actif de la forme des structures pour améliorer leur aptitude au service et leur déploiement 2 Structures biomimétiques (apprentissage, auto-diagnostic, auto-réparation) 3 Gestion de l'infrastructure par l'identification structurale 4 Applications avancées de l'informatique Plus de détails, voir https://www.epfl.ch/labs/imac/fr/recherche/smith_ian_fr/
Denis Gillet
Denis Gillet received the Diploma in Electrical Engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) in 1988, and the Ph.D. degree in Information Systems also from the EPFL in 1995. During 1992 he was appointed as Research Fellow at the Information Systems Laboratory of Stanford University in the United States. He is currently Maître d'enseignement et de recherche at the EPFL School of Engineering, where he leads the React research group. His current research interests include Technologies Enhanced Learning (TEL), Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Human Devices Interaction (HDI) and Optimal Coordination of Complex and Distributed Systems. Denis Gillet is affiliated at EPFL with the Center for Intelligent Systems and the Center for Digital Education.
Gabriela Tejada Guerrero
Gabriela has extensive expertise in international cooperation in education, research and innovation. She joined EPFL as scientist at the Cooperation and Development Center (CODEV) where she led the EPFL Leading House Program (2014-2017) of the Swiss government, which upheld Swiss bilateral research cooperation with Brazil, India, Vietnam and Latin America. Her research focused on scientific diasporas and skilled migration with diverse international collaborations under her leadership. She worked at the University of Zurich, and the UNDP in Moldova and Geneva, and taught at the Monterrey Institute of Technology (ITESM). She was visiting researcher at the CES at Harvard University and the CIS at ETH Zurich. Gabriela obtained a BA in International Relations from the UIA (Ibero) in Mexico, and a PhD in Political Sciences from the UAB in Barcelona. She obtained a CAS IPA - International Policy and Advocacy of the D-MTEC, ETH Zurich (2019). Since 2020 Gabriela is Vice-President of the Swiss Commission for UNESCO (member since 2016), where she promotes science-society linkages and advocates for an inclusive development and dialogue through education, science and culture.Since May 2019, Gabriela is Academic Deputy at the Direction of the College of Humanities (CDH). She serves the Scholars at Risk program (SAR) at EPFL in an advisory capacity.
Claudia Rebeca Binder Signer
Née à Montréal, Claudia R. Binder est d’origine canadienne, suisse et colombienne. Elle grandit entre la Suisse et la Colombie. Alumni de l’ETH de Zurich, elle y obtient un diplôme en biochimie et un doctorat en Sciences de l'environnement, de 1985 à 1996. Elle poursuit sa carrière avec un post doctorat à l'Université du Maryland, aux États-Unis, de 1996 à 1998, et travaille en qualité d’assistante-senior à l’ETH jusqu’en 2006, où elle se spécialise dans les systèmes humains-environnementaux. Elle est ensuite nommée Professeure assistante au Département de géographie de l'Université de Zurich, un poste qu’elle occupe jusqu’en 2009.
Elle obtient en 2009 le titre de Professeure ordinaire en Sciences systémiques à l’Université de Graz, en Autriche et rejoint en 2011 le Département de Géographie de l’Université de Munich, en Allemagne, en tant que Professeure ordinaire en relations humaines-environnementales. Elle intègre l’EPFL en mars 2016, où elle ouvre le Laboratoire de relations humaines-environnementales dans les systèmes urbains (HERUS), rattaché à la Chaire La Mobilière pour l’écologie urbaine et un mode de vie durable, au sein de la Faculté de l’environnement naturel, architectural et construit (ENAC).
Ses recherches portent sur l'analyse, la modélisation et l'évaluation de la transition des systèmes urbains vers la durabilité. Elle examine en particulier comment nous pouvons mieux comprendre la dynamique du métabolisme urbain, ce qui caractérise une ville durable et ce qui anime et entrave les processus de transformation. Elle explore ces sujets en combinant les domaines des sciences sociales, des sciences naturelles et de la science des données. Ses recherches portent sur l'alimentation, l'énergie, les modes de vie et les transports durables dans les systèmes urbains.
En Suisse, Binder a été nommé membre du Conseil de la recherche, Division des programmes du Fonds national suisse (FNS) en 2016 et fait partie du Comité directeur du Programme national de recherche 71 du FNS, "Gestion de la consommation d'énergie" et du Swiss Competence Centers for Energy Research (SCCER). Elle est également membre du comité directeur sur Sustainability Research des Académies suisses des sciences et des lettres. En 2019, elle a été élue membre du Conseil universitaire de l'Université de Munich (LMU).
A l’EPFL, Claudia R. Binder est la directrice académique du programme d’enseignement interdisciplinaire «Projeter Ensemble». Elle a été nommée membre de la Direction du Centre de l'énergie en 2018 et dirige depuis 2019 le groupe de travail sur la Stratégie énergétique et de durabilité de l’école.
Yumeng Hou
Yumeng Hou is a Chinese-speaking researcher at the Laboratory for Experimental Museology, EPFL. Yumeng received her MSc in Computer (data) Science and is now pursuing her PhD under the supervision of Prof. Sarah Kenderdine. Her current research involves intangible cultural heritage, computational archives, embodied knowledge, Chinese martial arts, and cultural AI.Before joining EMPLUS, Yumeng was a professional product manager, data analyst, and data storyteller.
Julien Lafontaine Carboni
Julien Lafontaine Carboni is an architect. They graduated at ENSA Paris-Malaquais and currently pursue a PhD research at the ALICE Laboratory, EPFL. Julien published in several architectural, philosophical and anthropological journal such as Architecture and Culture, and Tabula Rasa. They investigates non-visual epistemologies to thread spatial histories. Bodies, gestures and words enact and perform spatialities, implying other forms of historicity concealed by the architectural disciplinarization. Thus, their aim is to replace architectural political agency in gestures themselves, while proposing a critical architectural historiography and theory.
Henry Markram
Henry Markram started a dual scientific and medical career at the University of Cape Town, in South Africa. His scientific work in the 80s revealed the polymodal receptive fields of pontomedullary reticular formation neurons in vivo and how acetylcholine re-organized these sensory maps.
He moved to Israel in 1988 and obtained his PhD at the Weizmann Institute where he discovered a link between acetylcholine and memory mechanisms by being the first to show that acetylcholine modulates the NMDA receptor in vitro studies, and thereby gates which synapses can undergo synaptic plasticity. He was also the first to characterize the electrical and anatomical properties of the cholinergic neurons in the medial septum diagonal band.
He carried out a first postdoctoral study as a Fulbright Scholar at the NIH, on the biophysics of ion channels on synaptic vesicles using sub-fractionation methods to isolate synaptic vesicles and patch-clamp recordings to characterize the ion channels. He carried out a second postdoctoral study at the Max Planck Institute, as a Minerva Fellow, where he discovered that individual action potentials propagating back into dendrites also cause pulsed influx of Ca2 into the dendrites and found that sub-threshold activity could also activated a low threshold Ca2 channel. He developed a model to show how different types of electrical activities can divert Ca2 to activate different intracellular targets depending on the speed of Ca2 influx an insight that helps explain how Ca2 acts as a universal second messenger. His most well known discovery is that of the millisecond watershed to judge the relevance of communication between neurons marked by the back-propagating action potential. This phenomenon is now called Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP), which many laboratories around the world have subsequently found in multiple brain regions and many theoreticians have incorporated as a learning rule. At the Max-Planck he also started exploring the micro-anatomical and physiological principles of the different neurons of the neocortex and of the mono-synaptic connections that they form - the first step towards a systematic reverse engineering of the neocortical microcircuitry to derive the blue prints of the cortical column in a manner that would allow computer model reconstruction.
He received a tenure track position at the Weizmann Institute where he continued the reverse engineering studies and also discovered a number of core principles of the structural and functional organization such as differential signaling onto different neurons, models of dynamic synapses with Misha Tsodyks, the computational functions of dynamic synapses, and how GABAergic neurons map onto interneurons and pyramidal neurons. A major contribution during this period was his discovery of Redistribution of Synaptic Efficacy (RSE), where he showed that co-activation of neurons does not only alter synaptic strength, but also the dynamics of transmission. At the Weizmann, he also found the tabula rasa principle which governs the random structural connectivity between pyramidal neurons and a non-random functional connectivity due to target selection. Markram also developed a novel computation framework with Wolfgang Maass to account for the impact of multiple time constants in neurons and synapses on information processing called liquid computing or high entropy computing.
In 2002, he was appointed Full professor at the EPFL where he founded and directed the Brain Mind Institute. During this time Markram continued his reverse engineering approaches and developed a series of new technologies to allow large-scale multi-neuron patch-clamp studies. Markrams lab discovered a novel microcircuit plasticity phenomenon where connections are formed and eliminated in a Darwinian manner as apposed to where synapses are strengthening or weakened as found for LTP. This was the first demonstration that neural circuits are constantly being re-wired and excitation can boost the rate of re-wiring.
At the EPFL he also completed the much of the reverse engineering studies on the neocortical microcircuitry, revealing deeper insight into the circuit design and built databases of the blue-print of the cortical column. In 2005 he used these databases to launched the Blue Brain Project. The BBP used IBMs most advanced supercomputers to reconstruct a detailed computer model of the neocortical column composed of 10000 neurons, more than 340 different types of neurons distributed according to a layer-based recipe of composition and interconnected with 30 million synapses (6 different types) according to synaptic mapping recipes. The Blue Brain team built dozens of applications that now allow automated reconstruction, simulation, visualization, analysis and calibration of detailed microcircuits. This Proof of Concept completed, Markrams lab has now set the agenda towards whole brain and molecular modeling.
With an in depth understanding of the neocortical microcircuit, Markram set a path to determine how the neocortex changes in Autism. He found hyper-reactivity due to hyper-connectivity in the circuitry and hyper-plasticity due to hyper-NMDA expression. Similar findings in the Amygdala together with behavioral evidence that the animal model of autism expressed hyper-fear led to the novel theory of Autism called the Intense World Syndrome proposed by Henry and Kamila Markram. The Intense World Syndrome claims that the brain of an Autist is hyper-sensitive and hyper-plastic which renders the world painfully intense and the brain overly autonomous. The theory is acquiring rapid recognition and many new studies have extended the findings to other brain regions and to other models of autism.
Markram aims to eventually build detailed computer models of brains of mammals to pioneer simulation-based research in the neuroscience which could serve to aggregate, integrate, unify and validate our knowledge of the brain and to use such a facility as a new tool to explore the emergence of intelligence and higher cognitive functions in the brain, and explore hypotheses of diseases as well as treatments.
Jeffrey Huang
Jeffrey Huang is the Director of the Institute of Architecture at EPFL (starting May 1, 2020), that comprises 25 laboratories and groups. He is also the Head of the Media x Design Laboratory and a Full Professor in Architecture and Computer Science, at the Faculty of Computer and Communication Sciences (IC), and at the Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC). He holds a DiplArch from ETH Zurich, and Masters and Doctoral Degrees from Harvard University, where he was awarded the Gerald McCue medal for academic excellence. He started his academic career as a researcher at MIT’s Sloan School of Management (Center for Coordination Sciences). In 1998 he returned to Harvard as an Assistant Professor of Architecture and was promoted to Associate Professor in 2001. In 2006 he was named Full Professor at EPFL in Switzerland where he holds joint professorships at I&C and ENAC, and heads the Media x Design Lab. He was also a Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University, a Visiting Fellow at Stanford University’s d.school, a Honorary Visiting Professor at the University of Sheffield, and a Berkman Fellow and Faculty Associate at Harvard University (Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society). Professor Huang’s research examines the convergence of physical and digital architecture. His recent work investigates new artificial design paradigms (design decoding and encoding), theories of experience design, and the application of algorithmic urbanism in Chinese cities. His current teaching examines the possible role of artificial intelligence in architecture (see MxD studios). In collaboration with Muriel Waldvogel, he heads Convergeo, an award-winning, international strategic and experience design firm. From 2014-2017, while on leave from EPFL, he led the creation of a ground-breaking, new school of architecture in Singapore, as the Head of the Architecture and Sustainable Design Pillar at the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), established in collaboration with MIT.