Concept
Croissance démographique
Concepts associés (28)
Rendement équilibré maximal
Le rendement équilibré maximal (RÉM) est un concept théorique employé principalement dans les sciences halieutiques et la gestion des pêches. Le concept peut aussi être rendu par production maximale équilibrée, production équilibrée maximale, rendement maximal soutenu ou rendement maximal durable. Le rendement équilibré maximal se définit par la capture maximum, exprimée en nombre ou en masse, pouvant être soustraite de la population d’une espèce donnée durant une période illimitée sans épuiser la ressource.
Overpopulation
Overpopulation or overabundance is a phenomenon in which a species' population becomes larger than the carrying capacity of its environment. This may be caused by increased birth rates, lowered mortality rates, reduced predation or large scale migration, leading to an overabundant species and other animals in the ecosystem competing for food, space, and resources. The animals in an overpopulated area may then be forced to migrate to areas not typically inhabited, or die off without access to necessary resources.
Projections of population growth
Population projections are attempts to show how the human population statistics might change in the future. These projections are an important input to forecasts of the population's impact on this planet and humanity's future well-being. Models of population growth take trends in human development and apply projections into the future. These models use trend-based-assumptions about how populations will respond to economic, social and technological forces to understand how they will affect fertility and mortality, and thus population growth.
Income and fertility
Income and fertility is the association between monetary gain on one hand, and the tendency to produce offspring on the other. There is generally an inverse correlation between income and the total fertility rate within and between nations. The higher the degree of education and GDP per capita of a human population, subpopulation or social stratum, the fewer children are born in any developed country. In a 1974 United Nations population conference in Bucharest, Karan Singh, a former minister of population in India, illustrated this trend by stating "Development is the best contraceptive.
Human population planning
Human population planning is the practice of managing the growth rate of a human population. The practice, traditionally referred to as population control, had historically been implemented mainly with the goal of increasing population growth, though from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about overpopulation and its effects on poverty, the environment and political stability led to efforts to reduce population growth rates in many countries.
Estimates of historical world population
This article lists current estimates of the world population in history. In summary, estimates for the progression of world population since the Late Middle Ages are in the following ranges: Estimates for pre-modern times are necessarily fraught with great uncertainties, and few of the published estimates have confidence intervals; in the absence of a straightforward means to assess the error of such estimates, a rough idea of expert consensus can be gained by comparing the values given in independent publications.
Variation naturelle
En démographie, la variation naturelle ou le solde naturel (ou l'accroissement naturel) est la différence entre le nombre de naissances vivantes et le nombre de décès sur un territoire au cours d'une période. Elle peut être soit positive, soit négative, soit nulle. L'accroissement naturel (ou excédent naturel) de la population est le cas où la variation naturelle est positive, ce qui implique que le nombre de naissances vivantes dépasse, sur la période considérée, le nombre de décès.
Agricultural expansion
Agricultural expansion describes the growth of agricultural land (arable land, pastures, etc.) especially in the 20th and 21st centuries. The agricultural expansion is often explained as a direct consequence of the global increase in food and energy requirements due to continuing population growth (both which in turn have been attributed to agricultural expansion itself), with an estimated expectation of 10 to 11 billion humans on Earth by end of this century.