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The ionosphere can be perturbed by solar and geomagnetic activity, earthquakes, thunderstorms, etc. In particular, electromagnetic pulses produced by thunderstorms can generate wave structures in the ionospheric plasma, which are known as atmospheric gravi ...
Lightning discharges, including cloud-to-ground (CG) and intracloud (IC) lightning, are known to emit electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) in a wide frequency band ranging from few Hz up to hundreds MHz [1]. During the breakdown and ionization processes (mostly f ...
Gas is trapped in polar ice sheets at ∼50-120m below the surface and is therefore younger than the surrounding ice. Firn densification models are used to evaluate this ice age-gas age difference (Δage) in the past. However, such models need to be validated ...
The safe operation of tokamak reactors requires a reliable modelling capability of disruptions, and in particular the spatio-temporal dynamics of associated runaway electron currents. In a disruption, instabilities can break up magnetic surfaces into chaot ...
There are three equivalent procedures to evaluate the voltages induced by lightning on power lines, namely, the Agrawal–Price–Gurbaxani model, the Taylor–Satterwhite–Harrison model, and the Rachidi model. The Cooray–Rubinstein approximation is a procedure ...
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a quantum relativistic effect that describes the appearance of an additional electric current along a magnetic field. It is caused by an asymmetry between the number densities of left- and right-handed fermions, which ca ...
lectrospray (ES) thrusters are unique in their ability to emit both positive and negative beams, each contributing similarly to thrust. Spacecraft charging could be prevented without a dedicated neutralizer if currents of simultaneously emitted opposing po ...
Within the frame of the R& D activities carried out in Europe for the toroidal field coils of the nuclear fusion device DEMO, a fundamental milestone was considered to be the demonstration of Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) performance in the dema ...
We use a full-wave finite-element-based solution of Maxwell's equations for the evaluation of lightning electromagnetic fields inside a vertically stratified, two-layer ground (ocean-land mixed propagation path) and their induced currents on the shield of ...
This paper summarizes the work on the manufacturing and testing of conductor samples for ITER poloidal field 1&6 coils. The work was carried out by the IO and multiple institutions in the EU, Switzerland and Russia. Five samples were manufactured and teste ...
