Concept
ALGOL 58
Concepts associés (16)
Sous-programme
En informatique, un sous-programme est un sous-ensemble du programme dans sa hiérarchie fonctionnelle. Un sous-programme doit pouvoir mémoriser l'adresse du code appelant pour permettre, à l'aide d'une instruction spécifique, de charger le pointeur de programme avec cette adresse de retour. Cela correspond bien souvent à une routine. Cependant, la notion de sous-programme est un peu plus générale, car il ne possède pas nécessairement son propre espace de noms. C'est le cas par exemple des sous-programmes appelés par l'instruction en BASIC.
Plankalkül
Plankalkül est un langage de programmation, conçu de 1942 à 1946 par l'Allemand Konrad Zuse. À l'époque, Zuse ne fit aucune communication scientifique à ce sujet, pour diverses raisons : la Seconde Guerre mondiale faisait rage, et il consacrait tous ses efforts à la conception et à la commercialisation de son ordinateur, le Zuse 3. La première publication mentionnant Plankalkül date de 1948. En 1975, il fut décrit et implémenté à l'occasion de la thèse de J. Hohmann.
Burroughs Large Systems
The Burroughs Large Systems Group produced a family of large 48-bit mainframes using stack machine instruction sets with dense syllables. The first machine in the family was the B5000 in 1961, which was optimized for compiling ALGOL 60 programs extremely well, using single-pass compilers. The B5000 evolved into the B5500 (disk rather than drum) and the B5700 (up to four systems running as a cluster). Subsequent major redesigns include the B6500/B6700 line and its successors, as well as the separate B8500 line.
ALGOL 60
ALGOL 60 (short for Algorithmic Language 1960) is a member of the ALGOL family of computer programming languages. It followed on from ALGOL 58 which had introduced code blocks and the begin and end pairs for delimiting them, representing a key advance in the rise of structured programming. ALGOL 60 was one of the first languages implementing function definitions (that could be invoked recursively). ALGOL 60 function definitions could be nested within one another (which was first introduced by any programming language), with lexical scope.
Boucle for
En informatique, la boucle for est une structure de contrôle de programmation qui permet de répéter l'exécution d'une séquence d'instructions. Selon les langages de programmation, différents mots-clés sont utilisés pour signaler cette structure de contrôle : for pour les descendants d'Algol, do pour FORTRAN, PL/I, etc. Une "boucle for" a deux parties : une entête qui spécifie la manière de faire l'itération, et un corps qui est exécuté à chaque itération. Dans cette forme de boucle, une variable prend des valeurs successives sur un intervalle.
Strong and weak typing
In computer programming, one of the many ways that programming languages are colloquially classified is whether the language's type system makes it strongly typed or weakly typed (loosely typed). However, there is no precise technical definition of what the terms mean and different authors disagree about the implied meaning of the terms and the relative rankings of the "strength" of the type systems of mainstream programming languages.
Block (programming)
In computer programming, a block or code block or block of code is a lexical structure of source code which is grouped together. Blocks consist of one or more declarations and statements. A programming language that permits the creation of blocks, including blocks nested within other blocks, is called a block-structured programming language. Blocks are fundamental to structured programming, where control structures are formed from blocks.
Comparison of programming languages
Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules for syntax and semantics. There are thousands of programming languages and new ones are created every year. Few languages ever become sufficiently popular that they are used by more than a few people, but professional programmers may use dozens of languages in a career. Most programming languages are not standardized by an international (or national) standard, even widely used ones, such as Perl or Standard ML (despite the name).
Statement (computer science)
In computer programming, a statement is a syntactic unit of an imperative programming language that expresses some action to be carried out. A program written in such a language is formed by a sequence of one or more statements. A statement may have internal components (e.g. expressions). Many programming languages (e.g. Ada, Algol 60, C, Java, Pascal) make a distinction between statements and definitions/declarations. A definition or declaration specifies the data on which a program is to operate, while a statement specifies the actions to be taken with that data.
Programmation structurée
La programmation structurée constitue un sous-ensemble de la programmation impérative. C'est un paradigme important de la programmation, apparu vers 1970. Elle dérive de travaux de Nicklaus Wirth pour son Algol W et reçut son coup d'envoi avec l'article fondateur de Dijkstra dans Communications of the ACM nommé GO TO statement considered harmful (L'instruction GOTO est considérée nocive). Elle est en effet célèbre pour avoir tenté d’éliminer l'instruction goto, ou, du moins, de limiter son usage à des cas inhabituels et graves .