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Concept
Supreme leader
Résumé
A supreme leader or supreme ruler typically refers to the person among a number of leaders of a state, organization or other such group who has been given or is able to exercise the most - or complete - authority over it. In a religion, this role is usually satisfied by a person deemed to be the representative or manifestation of a deity or God on Earth. In politics, a supreme leader usually rules over an authoritarian or totalitarian government and have a cult of personality associated with them. Historic examples are Adolf Hitler (Führer) of Nazi Germany, Francisco Franco (Caudillo) of Francoist Spain, Benito Mussolini (Duce) of Fascist Italy and Joseph Stalin (Vozhd (Вождь)) of the Soviet Union.
Listed by date of establishment.
Alexander Kolchak, White leader in the Russian Civil War as "Supreme Ruler of Russia".
Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943 and of Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945, was known as Duce ("leader").
Antanas Smetona, the authoritarian president of Lithuania (1926-1940), adopted the title of Tautos Vadas ("Leader of the Nation").
Emperor Hirohito, emperor of Imperial Japan under the Meiji Constitution from 1926 to 1947, sometimes known as Mikado 帝/御門 ("August Gate").
Chiang Kai-shek, de facto leader of the Kuomintang Republic of China on the mainland (1928-1949) and in Taiwan (1949-1975), was sometimes referred as lingxiu ()
Joseph Stalin, the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and dictator of the Soviet Union, decreed that he was to be officially designated as Vozhd (Вождь) from his fiftieth birthday in 1929.
Getúlio Vargas, dictator of Brazil from 1930 to 1945, was known as the "Supreme Leader of the Revolution".
Rafael Trujillo, Dominican dictator from 1930 to 1961, assumed the nickname of "El Jefe" ("The Boss").
Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, was known as Führer ("The Leader").
Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg, austrofascist leaders of Austria from 1933 to 1938, were referred to as Bundesführer ("Federal Leader") as heads of the Fatherland Front.
Source officielle
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