Principe de compositionnalité

In semantics, mathematical logic and related disciplines, the principle of compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituent expressions and the rules used to combine them. The principle is also called Frege's principle, because Gottlob Frege is widely credited for the first modern formulation of it. However, the principle has never been explicitly stated by Frege, and arguably it was already assumed by George Boole decades before Frege's work. The principle of compositionality is highly debated in linguistics. Among its most challenging problems there are the issues of contextuality, the non-compositionality of idiomatic expressions, and the non-compositionality of quotations. Discussion of compositionality started to appear at the beginning of the 19th century, during which it was debated whether what was most fundamental in language was compositionality or contextuality, and compositionality was usually preferred. Frege (1848-1925) never adhered to the principle of compositionality as it is known today, and the first to explicitly formulate it was Freges' student Rudolf Carnap in 1947. A common formulation of the principle of compositionality comes from Barbara Partee, stating: "The meaning of a compound expression is a function of the meanings of its parts and of the way they are syntactically combined." It is possible to distinguish different levels of compositionality. Strong compositionality refers to compound expressions that are determined by the meaning of its immediate parts and a top-level syntactic function that describes their combination. Weak compositionality refers to compound expressions that are determined by the meaning of its parts as well as their complete syntactic combination. However, there can also be further gradations in between these two extremes. This is possible, if one not only allows the meaning of immediate parts but also the meaning of the second-highest parts (third-highest parts, fourth-highest parts, etc.

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Publications associées (5)

Concepts associés (8)

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Embedding text in one language within text of another is commonplace for numerous purposes, but usually requires tedious and error-prone “escaping” transformations on the embedded string. We propose a simple cross-language syntactic discipline, matchertext ...

2022

Based on a concise but comprehensive overview of some fundamental properties required from component-based frameworks, namely compositionality, incrementality, flattening, modularity and expressiveness, we review three modifications of the semantics of glu ...

Elsevier2015

Offer Semantics: Achieving Compositionality, Flattening and Full Expressiveness for the Glue Operators in BIP

Simon Bliudze, Eduard Baranov

2014

Logique

La logique — du grec , qui est un terme dérivé de signifiant à la fois « raison », « langage » et « raisonnement » — est, dans une première approche, l'étude de l'inférence, c'est-à-dire des règles formelles que doit respecter toute argumentation correcte. Le terme aurait été utilisé pour la première fois par Xénocrate. La logique antique se décompose d'abord en dialectique et rhétorique. Elle est depuis l'Antiquité l'une des grandes disciplines de la philosophie, avec l'éthique (philosophie morale) et la physique (science de la nature).

Game semantics

Game semantics (dialogische Logik, translated as dialogical logic) is an approach to formal semantics that grounds the concepts of truth or validity on game-theoretic concepts, such as the existence of a winning strategy for a player, somewhat resembling Socratic dialogues or medieval theory of Obligationes. In the late 1950s Paul Lorenzen was the first to introduce a game semantics for logic, and it was further developed by Kuno Lorenz.

Linguistique

La linguistique est une discipline scientifique s’intéressant à l’étude du langage. Elle n'est pas prescriptive mais descriptive. La prescription correspond à la norme, c'est-à-dire ce qui est jugé correct linguistiquement par les grammairiens. À l'inverse, la linguistique se contente de décrire la langue telle qu'elle est et non telle qu'elle devrait être. On trouve des témoignages de réflexions sur le langage dès l'Antiquité avec des philosophes comme Platon.

Sémantique lexicale CS-431: Introduction to natural language processing

Explore la sémantique lexicale, le sens des mots, les relations sémantiques et WordNet, en mettant en évidence les applications dans l'ingénierie du langage et la récupération d'informations.