Outline (list)

Résumé

An outline, also called a hierarchical outline, is a list arranged to show hierarchical relationships and is a type of tree structure. An outline is used to present the main points (in sentences) or topics (terms) of a given subject. Each item in an outline may be divided into additional sub-items. If an organizational level in an outline is to be sub-divided, it shall have at least two subcategories, although one subcategory is acceptable on the third and fourth levels, as advised by major style manuals in current use. An outline may be used as a drafting tool of a document, or as a summary of the content of a document or of the knowledge in an entire field. It is not to be confused with the general context of the term "outline", which a summary or overview of a subject, presented verbally or written in prose (for example, The Outline of History is not an outline of the type presented below). The outlines described in this article are lists, and come in several varieties. A sente

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_(list)

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Supply Chain Disruption Risk Management

Florian Christopher Matthias Lücker

It is well established that firms are exposed to the risk of supply chain disruptions. Many firms build risk mitigation strategies in order to increase the resilience of their supply chains. In this dissertation we present three essays that study operational risk mitigation levers such as inventory, reserve capacity and dual sourcing. The first essay outlines an application in the pharmaceutical industry where the risk mitigation levers inventory, dual sourcing and agility capacity are analyzed. We study the relationship between these three levers by modeling a drug manufacturing firm that is exposed to disruptions in its supply chain. The firm determines optimal inventory levels for assumed dual sourcing and agility capacity. We quantify the decrease in inventory levels in the presence of dual sourcing and agility capacity. Furthermore, using an example, we analyze inventory, dual sourcing and agility capacity decisions jointly. It turns out that inventory and agility capacity can be substitutes as long as no dual source is available. Once the dual source is available, agility capacity and dual sourcing appear to be substitutes. We further show that for long disruption times, the optimal dual source production rate may decrease in the disruption time. Within our modeling framework, we introduce an operational metric as a measure for resilience under deterministic demand. In the second essay we study the joint role of inventory and reserve capacity in mitigating supply disruptions. A reserve capacity can be used for production in a reactive fashion when a disruption occurs. We first determine optimal inventory levels and reserve capacity production rates jointly under stochastic customer demand. This allows us to fully characterize three main risk mitigation strategies: inventory strategy, reserve capacity strategy, and mixed strategy. Furthermore, we provide structural insights of optimal risk mitigation strategies. We then combine our analytical results with the well-established (Q,R) policy to perform numerical experiments using Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) as a resilience measure. Our results suggest that the resilience measure depends on both the reorder point R and the batch size Q. Comparing the resilience measure with the service level, we find that a high service level and high resilience can be conflicting objectives. The third essay is concerned with the role of inventory in mitigating disruptions in two-echelon supply chains under stochastic demand. The research problem is to determine the optimal backup inventories for a serial, assembly and distribution supply chain respectively. For the three supply chain types, disruptions at each production site are described by an infinite-state discrete-time Markov process. We derive structural insights on the optimal inventory levels for the serial supply chain. For the assembly and distribution supply chain we show that under mild assumptions an early commitment to finished goods inventories is optimal. This finding is different from optimal safety inventory policies where often a delayed differentiation in assembly supply chains or risk pooling in distribution supply chains is optimal.

EPFL2016

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From Documents to Structured Data: First Milestones of the Garzoni Project

Giovanni Colavizza, Maud Ehrmann, Frédéric Kaplan, Orlin Biserov Topalov

Led by an interdisciplinary consortium, the Garzoni project undertakes the study of apprenticeship, work and society in early modern Venice by focusing on a specific archival source, namely the Accordi dei Garzoni from the Venetian State Archives. The project revolves around two main phases with, in the first instance, the design and the development of tools to extract and render information contained in the documents (according to Semantic Web standards) and, as a second step, the examination of such information. This paper outlines the main progress and achievements during the first year of the project.

2016

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The Sloan Digital Sky Survey V (SDSS-V) is an all-sky spectroscopic survey of > 6 million objects, designed to decode the history of the Milky Way, reveal the inner workings of stars, investigate the origin of solar systems, and track the growth of supermassive black holes across the Universe. Collaboratively, organizations across both academia and industry have partnered to overcome technical challenges and execute operational directives associated with commissioning the various mechanical, electrical, and software subsystems of SDSS-V. While this type of collaboration is not unique, the scale and complexity of next generation astronomical instruments is an emerging challenge that requires industrial systems and process engineering practices at a quasi-industrial scale. Driven by the success of multiplexed spectroscopic surveys, instrumentation is evolving to include systems with hundreds to thousands of components and sub-assemblies procured or produced from various sources. This trend requires the adoption of new and existing processes and best practices in the design, integration, and test of next generation astronomical instruments. The following discussion outlines those industrial systems and process engineering processes, methods, and practices, currently in the operational phase, for the design, integration, and test of the SDSS-V Focal Plane System (FPS). An emphasis is placed on processes, methods, and practices related to coordination of multiple contract manufacturing vendors and operational execution of small batch manufacturing.

SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING2020

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Supply Chain Disruption Risk Management

Florian Christopher Matthias Lücker

EPFL2016