At SMEAR II research station in Hyytiala, located in the Finnish boreal forest, the process of new particle formation and the role of ions has been investigated for almost 20 years near the ground and at canopy level. However, above SMEAR II, the vertical ...
Measurements of aerosol particles and clusters smaller than 3 nm in diameter are performed by many groups in order to detect recently formed or emitted nanoparticles and for studying the formation and early growth processes of aerosol particles. The Airmod ...
Functional time series analysis, whether based on time or frequency domain methodology, has traditionally been carried out under the assumption of complete observation of the constituent series of curves, assumed stationary. Nevertheless, as is often the c ...
Interest in exploring the meteorological conditions favoring upward lightning from tall man-made structures has grown in recent years, largely due to the worldwide expansion of wind energy. To this end, instrumented towers existing around the world are the ...
In addition to the general aims of lightning research such as lightning physics and meteorology, the study of upward lightning is of particular importance in protection of tall objects such as wind turbines and telecommunication towers. It also helps us in ...
The contributions assembled in the present volume proceed from the lectures of the 2009 ALERT Geomaterials School devoted to the Failure in the multiphase geomaterials. The multiphase behaviour of geomaterials used to be mainly considered from the point of ...
The surface energy balance of a snow cover significantly changes once the snow cover gets patchy. The substantial progress in knowledge about the surface energy balance of patchy snow covers is a mandatory requirement to reduce biases in flux parameterizat ...
