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Le naphtalène ou naphtaline ou camphre de goudron est un hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique, plus précisément un alcène à deux cycles, de formule brute . Son odeur caractéristique est perceptible par l'odorat humain à partir de . Il a été couramment utilisé comme antimites. On a constaté par le suivi des maladies des travailleurs de l'industrie chimique qu'il était possiblement cancérigène. Origine et fabrication Le naphtalène a été isolé en 1820 par Garden (1784-1866). Sa représentation actuelle sous la forme de deux noyaux aromatiques est proposée par Erlenmeyer en 1868. En Allemagne, la matière première utilisée pour la production de naphtalène est le goudron de houille, qui en contient environ 10 %. La production de coke étant en régression, on utilise de plus en plus des produits dérivés du pétrole (essence de pyrolyse, huiles résiduelles de pyrolyse) ; fabrication par distillation fractionnée. La teneur en naphtalène dans le produit technique est 95 % au moins,

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Quantification of biodegradation for o-xylene and naphthalene using first order decay models, Michaelis-Menten kinetics and stable carbon isotopes

At a former wood preservation plant severely contaminated with coal tar oil, in situ bulk attenuation and biodegradation rate constants for several monoaromatic (BTEX) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined using (1) classical first order decay models, (2) Michaelis-Menten degradation kinetics (MM), and (3) stable carbon isotopes, for o-xylene and naphthalene. The first order bulk attenuation rate constant for o-xylene was calculated to be 0.0025 d(-1) and a novel stable isotope-based first order model, which also accounted for the respective redox conditions, resulted in a slightly smaller biodegradation rate constant of 0.0019 d(-1). Based on MM-kinetics, the o-xylene concentration decreased with a maximum rate of k(max)=0.1 mu g/L/d. The bulk attenuation rate constant of naphthalene retrieved from the classical first order decay model was 0.0038 d(-1). The stable isotope-based biodegradation rate constant of 0.0027 d(-1) was smaller in the reduced zone, while residual naphthalene in the oxic part of the plume further downgradient was degraded at a higher rate of 0.0038 d(-1). With MM-kinetics a maximum degradation rate of k(max)=12 mu g/L/d was determined. Although best fits were obtained by MM-kinetics, we consider the carbon stable isotope-based approach more appropriate as it is specific for biodegradation (not overall attenuation) and at the same time accounts for the dominant electron-accepting process. For o-xylene a field based isotope enrichment factor epsilon(field) of - 1.4 could be determined using the Rayleigh model, which closely matched values from laboratory studies of o-xylene degradation under sulfate-reducing conditions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

2009

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High proton spin polarization with DNP using the triplet state of pentacene-d14

Tim Rolf Eichhorn

The proton spins in a large naphthalene single crystal have been very efficiently polarized using optically excited triplet states of fully deuterated pentacene (C22D14) guest molecules. In a field of 0.3 T a proton polarization of 0.50 has been achieved. As technique for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) the integrated solid effect (ISE) scheme was employed to transfer the large electron polarization of the triplet states directly to the proton spins on naphthalene. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elsevier Science Bv2013

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Dynamic nuclear polarisation via the integrated solid effect II: experiments on naphthalene-h(8) doped with pentacene-d(14)

Tim Rolf Eichhorn

In dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP), also called hyperpolarisation, a small amount of unpaired electron spins is added to the sample containing the nuclear spins, and the polarisation of these unpaired electron spins is transferred to the nuclear spins by means of a microwave field. Traditional DNP polarises the electron spin of stable paramagnetic centres by cooling down to low temperature and applying a strong magnetic field. Then weak continuous wave microwave fields are used to induce the polarisation transfer. Complicated cryogenic equipment and strong magnets can be avoided using short-lived photo-excited triplet states that are strongly aligned in the optical excitation process. However, a much faster transfer of the electron spin polarisation is needed and pulsed DNP methods like nuclear orientation via electron spin locking (NOVEL) and the integrated solid effect (ISE) are used. To describe the polarisation transfer with the strong microwave fields in NOVEL and ISE, the usual perturbation methods cannot be used anymore. In the previous paper, we presented a theoretical approach to calculate the polarisation transfer in ISE. In the present paper, the theory is applied to the system naphthalene-h(8) doped with pentacene-d(14) yielding the photo-excited triplet states and compared with experimental results.

Taylor & Francis2014

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This training will empowered the student with all the tools of modern chemistry, which will be highly useful for his potential career as a process or medicinal chemist in industry.

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This course provides students with an overview over the basics of environmental chemistry. This includes the chemistry of natural systems, as well as the fate of anthropogenic chemicals in natural systems. It enables students to apply general chemical concepts to natural systems.

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The student will learn the important processes that control the transport and transformation of organic chemicals in the environment, as well as the formulation and solution of quantitative models to describe these processes.