A 3D cell culture is an artificially created environment in which biological cells are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions. Unlike 2D environments (e.g. a Petri dish), a 3D cell culture allows cells in vitro to grow in all directions, similar to how they would in vivo. These three-dimensional cultures are usually grown in bioreactors, small capsules in which the cells can grow into spheroids, or 3D cell colonies. Approximately 300 spheroids are usually cultured per bioreactor.
In biochemistry, immunostaining is any use of an antibody-based method to detect a specific protein in a sample. The term "immunostaining" was originally used to refer to the immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, as first described by Albert Coons in 1941. However, immunostaining now encompasses a broad range of techniques used in histology, cell biology, and molecular biology that use antibody-based staining methods.
Le 'cancer du sein' est un cancer de la glande mammaire. Autrement dit, c'est un cancer qui naît dans les unités cellulaires dont la fonction est de sécréter le lait, les unités ducto-lobulaires du sein, essentiellement chez la femme. Huit cancers du sein sur dix se déclarent après 50 ans. Premier cancer dans le monde, il touche, en 2016, 1,8 million de femmes par an dans le monde, dont en France. On s'attend à ce qu'une femme sur huit reçoive un diagnostic de cancer du sein au cours de sa vie.
Les seins (du latin sinus, « courbure, sinuosité, pli ») sont les mamelles des femmes, organe pair contenant une glande mammaire qui sécrète du lait et permet l’allaitement des nouveau-nés et nourrissons. Chez les hommes, le sein existe également mais sous forme atrophiée. Le substantif masculin « sein » (prononcé en français standard) est issu du latin la, substantif masculin signifiant proprement , d'où , qui désignait notamment le ; ce pli de toge ou de robe étant celui dans lequel les femmes portaient leur enfant, la a acquis le sens figuré de .
Breast development, also known as mammogenesis, is a complex biological process in primates that takes place throughout a female's life. It occurs across several phases, including prenatal development, puberty, and pregnancy. At menopause, breast development ceases and the breasts atrophy. Breast development results in prominent and developed structures on the chest known as breasts in primates, which serve primarily as mammary glands.
