Lexical semanticsLexical semantics (also known as lexicosemantics), as a subfield of linguistic semantics, is the study of word meanings. It includes the study of how words structure their meaning, how they act in grammar and compositionality, and the relationships between the distinct senses and uses of a word. The units of analysis in lexical semantics are lexical units which include not only words but also sub-words or sub-units such as affixes and even compound words and phrases. Lexical units include the catalogue of words in a language, the lexicon.
Word senseIn linguistics, a word sense is one of the meanings of a word. For example, a dictionary may have over 50 different senses of the word "play", each of these having a different meaning based on the context of the word's usage in a sentence, as follows: We went to see the play Romeo and Juliet at the theater. The coach devised a great play that put the visiting team on the defensive. The children went out to play in the park. In each sentence different collocates of "play" signal its different meanings.
SemanticsSemantics () is the study of reference, meaning, or truth. The term can be used to refer to subfields of several distinct disciplines, including philosophy, linguistics and computer science. In English, the study of meaning in language has been known by many names that involve the Ancient Greek word σῆμα (sema, "sign, mark, token"). In 1690, a Greek rendering of the term semiotics, the interpretation of signs and symbols, finds an early allusion in John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: The third Branch may be called σημειωτική [simeiotikí, "semiotics"], or the Doctrine of Signs, the most usual whereof being words, it is aptly enough termed also λογικὴ, Logick.
WordNetWordNet est une base de données lexicale développée par des linguistes du laboratoire des sciences cognitives de l'université de Princeton depuis une vingtaine d'années. Son but est de répertorier, classifier et mettre en relation de diverses manières le contenu sémantique et lexical de la langue anglaise. Des versions de WordNet pour d'autres langues existent, mais la version anglaise est cependant la plus complète à ce jour. La base de données ainsi que des outils sont disponibles gratuitement.
Sémantique cognitiveLa sémantique cognitive est une discipline issue de l'intelligence artificielle et de la linguistique et psychologie cognitive. Elle se démarque principalement de la tradition logique et philosophique en adoptant une perspective cognitive. Selon la définition proposée par François Rastier, la sémantique cognitive prend pour principe que le sens linguistique consiste en représentations ou processus mentaux (fonctionnement général du cerveau).
