Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its proper progression. Each checkpoint serves as a potential termination point along the cell cycle, during which the conditions of the cell are assessed, with progression through the various phases of the cell cycle occurring only when favorable conditions are met. There are many checkpoints in the cell cycle, but the three major ones are: the G1 checkpoint, also known as the Start or restriction checkpoint or Major Checkpoint; the G2/M checkpoint; and the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, also known as the spindle checkpoint.
Wee1 est une protéine nucléaire de la famille Serine/thréonine kinase dont le substrat est la cycline M-CDK. Elle a un rôle dans la division cellulaire par l'intermédiaire de l'horloge circadienne, celle ci étant un système qui permet la régulation de nombreux processus biologiques vitaux. L’altération de cette horloge est liée à de nombreuses conditions pathologiques telles que le cancer, ce qui suggère l’importance d’une régulation circadienne du cycle de division cellulaire.
DISPLAYTITLE:G2 phase G2 phase, Gap 2 phase, or Growth 2 phase, is the third subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated. G2 phase ends with the onset of prophase, the first phase of mitosis in which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes. G2 phase is a period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepares itself for mitosis.
CHEK2 (Checkpoint kinase 2) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the protein CHK2, a serine-threonine kinase. CHK2 is involved in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Mutations to the CHEK2 gene have been linked to a wide range of cancers. The CHEK2 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 22 at position 12.1. Its location on chromosome 22 stretches from base pair 28,687,742 to base pair 28,741,904. The CHEK2 protein encoded by the CHEK2 gene is a serine threonine kinase.
La protéine ATM (en anglais ataxia telangiectasia mutated) est la protéine mutée dans le syndrome d'ataxie télangiectasie. Elle répare les cassures double-brins dans l’ADN occasionnées par des agressions physiques ou des processus physiologiques. La première description de patients avec le syndrome d’ataxie-télangiectasie a été publiée en 1926 par Syllaba et Henner. Denise Louis-Bar a également rapporté un cas en 1941 et a donné son nom à la maladie. C’est en 1958 que la nature héréditaire et familiale de la maladie a été évoquée.
