Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning, a profession focusing on the design and management of urban areas, and urban sociology, an academic field which studies urban life. Many architects, planners, geographers, and sociologists investigate the way people live in densely populated urban areas. There is a wide variety of different theories and approaches to the study of urbanism.
vignette|L'exemple de la ville de Celebration (Floride) qui s'est appuyé sur ce courant pour se développer. Le nouvel urbanisme, ou néo-urbanisme, est un courant urbanistique fondé sur la réduction de la place de la voiture. Né d'abord aux États-Unis d’Amérique en réaction à l'étalement urbain, il connaît une certaine faveur depuis les années 1980 sous la houlette de l'architecte Andres Duany. Comme l'urbanisme néo-traditionnel, il reprend les principes traditionnels de l'urbanisme et de la morphologie urbaine, mais s'en distingue en s'abstenant d'inviter à reproduire des styles architecturaux traditionnels.
Sustainable urbanism is both the study of cities and the practices to build them (urbanism), that focuses on promoting their long term viability by reducing consumption, waste and harmful impacts on people and place while enhancing the overall well-being of both people and place. Well-being includes the physical, ecological, economic, social, health and equity factors, among others, that comprise cities and their populations.
vignette|Territorium Argentoratense, carte de Strasbourg, XVIIe siècle. Le terme territoire est polysémique : il renvoie à des significations variées qui dépendent de l'angle d'approche, des disciplines et de l'époque, telles qu'en biologie comportementale. En géographie plus particulièrement, la notion de territoire a pris une importance croissante, notamment en géographie humaine et géographie politique. Le géographe Claude Raffestin définit le territoire comme .
Urban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes. In addition to designing and shaping the physical features of towns, cities, and regional spaces, urban design considers 'bigger picture' issues of economic, social and environmental value and social design. The scope of a project can range from a local street or public space to an entire city and surrounding areas.
