NéphronLe néphron est l'unité structurale et fonctionnelle du rein. Il permet la formation d'urine. Chacun des deux reins humains en contient environ . Le rein définitif est issu du métanéphros, troisième appareil rénal de la vie utérine après le pronéphros et le mésonéphros. Ses éléments se développent à partir d'une masse cellulaire, issue du mésoblaste intermédiaire, appelée blastème métanéphrogène. Ce tissu se divise en amas cellulaires autour des tubes collecteurs nouvellement formés.
Distal convoluted tubuleThe distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting tubule. It is partly responsible for the regulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH. On its apical surface (lumen side), cells of the DCT have a thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter and are permeable to Ca, via the TRPV5 channel. On the basolateral surface (peritubular capillary side) there is an ATP-dependent Na/K antiporter pump, a secondary active Na/Ca transporter, and an ATP dependent Ca transporter.
Loop of HenleIn the kidney, the loop of Henle (ˈhɛnli) (or Henle's loop, Henle loop, nephron loop or its Latin counterpart ansa nephroni) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after its discoverer, the German anatomist Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, the loop of Henle's main function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
Macula densaIn the kidney, the macula densa is an area of closely packed specialized cells lining the wall of the thick ascending limb of henle, where the distal tubule touches the glomerulus. The cells of the macula densa are sensitive to the concentration of sodium chloride in the thick ascending loop of henle.
TubuleIn biology, a tubule is a general term referring to small tube or similar type of structure. Specifically, tubule can refer to: a small tube or fistular structure a minute tube lined with glandular epithelium any hollow cylindrical body structure a minute canal found in various structures or organs of the body a slender elongated anatomical channel a minute tube, especially as an anatomical structure.
